Download 2008 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST

2008 Academic Challenge
BIOLOGY TEST - STATE FINALS
- - This Test Consists of 50 Questions - -
Biology Test Production Team
Donna Ford, John A. Logan College – Author/Team Leader
Julie Ellis, Kaskaskia College – Author
Keith Krapf, John A. Logan College – Reviewer
Don Wayman, WYSE – Coordinator of Test Production
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
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should be followed promptly.
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*** TIME: 40 MINUTES ***
DO NOT OPEN TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO!
© 2008 Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering
“WYSE”, “Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering” and the “WYSE Design” are service marks of and this work is
Copyright © 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign.
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WYSE – Academic Challenge
Biology Test (State Finals) – 2008
1. In bird classification, having a dorsal nerve cord would be considered a(n) ____ and
having feathers would be considered a(n) ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
derived trait; ancestral trait
plesiomorphic trait; ancestral trait
synapomorphic trait; plesiomorphic trait
derived trait; plesiomorphic trait
ancestral trait; derived trait
2. Which valve is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the human
heart?
a. aoritc
b. pulmonary
c. mitral
d. tricuspid
e. bicuspid
3. Match the reproductive isolating factors in Column A with their definitions in Column B.
Column A
Column B
1. temporal isolation
2. mechanical isolation
3. behavioral isolation
i. mating dances
ii. time of day, month, or year when sexually active
iii. stay within a specific location during mating
season
iv. structural differences in genitals
4. habitat isolation
Select the correct matching sequence.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1 – i;
1 – iv;
1 – ii;
1 – ii;
1 – iii;
2 – iv;
2 – i;
2 – iv;
2 – iii;
2 – i;
3 – ii;
3 – iii;
3 – i;
3 – iv;
3 – iv;
4 – iii
4 – ii
4 – iii
4–i
4 – ii
4. Nancy fills a 1000 ml beaker with 500 ml of pure distilled water. She then obtains
a piece of dialysis tubing and ties one end so that she can fill the tubing with 30 ml
of a glucose solution. After filing the dialysis tubing and leaving some extra space
in it, she ties the other end and places it into the distilled water. After an hour,
Nancy measures the liquid inside the dialysis tubing which is now 35 ml. Which of
the following statements is/are true about the experiment?
a. The dialysis membrane is permeable to the water in the beaker.
b. The solvent is at a higher concentration outside the tubing then inside.
c. Osmosis occurred because there was an equal amount of solvent and solute inside
the tubing at the beginning of the experiment.
d. Since the distilled water has a higher solute concentration than the solution inside the
tubing, through osmosis there was a gain of water in the dialysis tubing.
e. Both a and b are true.
5. Enlarged or inflamed veins around the rectal area are called ____.
a. hemorrhoids
b. aneurisms
c. tumors
d. thromboses
e. embolisms
2008 State Finals
Biology – 2
6. Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?
a. lactose
b. chitin
c. keratin
d. glucose
e. cellulose
7. Which meninx is the outer most tough layer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
arachnoid mater
dura mater
pia mater
visceral peritoneum
parietal peritoneum
8. A solution with a pH of 8 would have ____ fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH
of 3.
a. 10
b. 100
c. 1000
d. 10,000
e. 100,000
9. Select the proper anticodon sequence for the following section of DNA
ATGCATGCA
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
AUGCAUGCA
TACGTACGT
UACGUACGU
TUCGUACGT
TGCATCGAT
10. When calculating map units, ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
only the number of offspring without the recombinant traits are considered
the percentage of recombinants are necessary to know
only the organisms with the homozygous genotype are used
a karyotype is used to determine the map units between traits
the sex of the organism is necessary to know
11. Which of the following traits is found in angiosperms and not in any gymnosperms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
double fertilization
seed bearing
secondary xylem
ovary wall
heterosporous
12. Beta carotene, vitamin A, and retinal all have ____ units in their structure.
a. choline
b. amino
c. isoprene
d. glycerol
e. phosphate
13. Which statement about lactate fermentation is not true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Eighty percent of the lactate produced in human muscle cells goes to the liver.
Lactate fermentation takes place in human muscle cells if oxygen is not available.
During lactate fermentation two ATP are produced.
Some bacteria can undergo lactate fermentation.
Lactate fermentation produces both an acid and alcohol.
2008 State Finals
Biology – 3
14. In an operon, the operator region ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
is upstream from the structural gene
can be blocked by the repressor protein
is a switch that controls mRNA synthesis
overlaps the promoter region
all the above
15. If an organism had the following genotype: AaBbDDEe, how many gamete
possibilities could there be?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. none of these choices
16. One water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to ____ other water molecules.
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
e. 1
17. Match the animal classes in Column A with their examples in Column B.
Column A
Column B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Merostomata
Arachnida
Insecta
Polychaeta
Oligochaeta
earthworm
horseshoe crab
clam worm
beetle
black widow spider
Select the correct matching order.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1 – ii;
1 – iv;
1 – ii;
1 – i;
1 – iv;
2 – v;
2 – v;
2 – iii;
2 – ii;
2 – iii;
3 – iv;
3 – i;
3 – iv;
3 – iii;
3 – v;
4 – iii;
4 – iii;
4 – ii;
4 – iv;
4 – i;
5–i
5 – ii
5–i
5–v
5 – ii
18. Chlorophyll is found in the ____ of the chloroplasts in plant cells.
a. thylakoid membrane
b. stroma
c. cristae
d. matrix
e. vacuole
19. Kingdom Protista ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
contains only heterotrophs
contains only aquatic organisms
is a monophyletic group
contains single cell organisms and multi cell organisms
all the above
2008 State Finals
Biology – 4
20. Refer to the experimental data in the following table and determine which environmental
condition least affects the hatching rate of tadpoles.
a. pH 5
Environmental
Conditions
Number Hatched
(out of 50)
Control
45
pH 5
38
pH 3
10
Salinity 1%
41
Salinity 5%
30
Temperature 40o C
38
c. 40o C
b. Salinity 1%
d. pH 3
e. Salinity 5%
21. The endoplasmic reticulum lumen is connected to the ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Golgi apparatus membrane
mitochondrial outer membrane
nuclear membrane
lysosomal membrane
all the above
22. Cells communicate with one another mainly by producing ____.
a. carbohydrates
b. nucleic acids
c. proteins
d. lipids
e. alcohols
23. Use the following DNA segment and codon information in order to determine the
amino acid sequence if there is a base substitution mutation where the first guanine
is changed to adenine.
DNA – CATACCGGGAAATAC
AUG – methionine
GUA – valine
UCC – serine
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
CCC – proline
UGG – tryptophan
AAA – lysine
AGG – arginine
UUU – phenylalanine
CAU – histidine
lysine – arginine – methionine – valine – proline
valine – proline – serine – phenylalanine – methionine
histidine – tryptophan – serine – phenylalanine – methionine
valine – tryptophan – serine – phenylalanine – methionine
histidine – lysine – arginine – phenylalanine – methionine
2008 State Finals
Biology – 5
24. The thermocline is an area of a lake that ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
is found during the summer months
mixes oxygenated and non oxygenated water during the summer
has an abrupt increase in temperature
is photosynthetic
all the above
25. Which modified leaf part is not correctly matched?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
bud scales – leaves
tubers – roots
tendrils – leaves
pneumatophores – roots
receptacle – stem
26. Which of the following is not part of the human brain?
a. diencephalon
b. midbrain
c. pons
d. medulla oblongata
e. fimbriae
27. Which statement is not true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
During glycolysis, ATP is produced by substrate – level phosphorylation.
Chemiosmosis produces the most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration.
ATP synthase is the enzyme in which hydrogen ions pass through to produce ATP.
The electron transport system in bacteria takes place in the mitochondria.
Pyruvate gives off a carbon dioxide to become an acetyl group.
28. Density-dependent factors ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
may include disease and predation
usually include killing frosts and hurricanes
are usually abiotic
all of the above
none of the above
29. Guinea pigs can have black or brown hair and the hair can be short or long in
length. Black – B is dominant to brown – b and short hair – D is dominant to long
hair – d. A male guinea pig has black long hair and is crossed with a female
guinea pig with brown short hair. The genotype of the parents must be ____ for the
male and ____ for the female if their offspring are black long hair, black short hair,
brown short hair, and brown long hair.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
BBdd; bbDD
Bbdd; bbDd
BbDd; BbDd
BBDD; bbdd
Not enough information is provided to determine the parent’s genotypes.
2008 State Finals
Biology – 6
30. Which of the following is alive?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Influenza
Rabies
E. coli
Mad cow disease
all of the above
31. Enantiomers are ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
molecules that are carbohydrates
isomers that are mirror images of each other
isotopes that are mirror images of each other
neuropeptides that block pain
chemical stimulants
32. mRNA ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
can be synthesized by the enzyme reverse transcriptase
attaches to the large subunit of the ribosome
carries the amino acids
is formed by using the template DNA strand
all the above
33. Cilia have a ____arrangement of microtubules.
a. 9 + 2
b. 9 + 3
c. 9 + 4
d. 9 + 6
e. 9 + 9
34. Mendel’s Principle of Segregation explains ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the many possibilities for alleles in gametes
how some alleles blend in their expression
why only one chromosome from each pair enters the gametes
the process of crossing over
why some traits seem to be inherited together
35. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. If an organism's sex cell contains 13 chromosomes, its somatic cell would contain
26 chromosomes.
b. If a body cell with 46 chromosomes has 23 chromosomes following Meiosis I, it
will have 46 chromosomes following Meiosis II.
c. Crossing over occurs during Meiosis I, in Prophase I.
d. In trisomy 21, a human body cell would contain 47 chromosomes.
e. During cytokinesis a cell plate forms between plant daughter cells.
2008 State Finals
Biology – 7
36. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. An abnormality in human body cells missing a chromosome would be described
as monosomic.
b. Polyploidy is common in plants and lethal to humans.
c. During mitosis, cells normally start with diploid numbers of chromosomes and the
resulting daughter cells also contain diploid numbers of chromosomes.
d. Independent assortment, chance, and crossing over can lead to variations
among offspring.
e. Monosomy is due to nondisjunction during prophase II of meoisis.
37. Which of the following is not true?
a. The mitochondrion is associated with the production of adenosine triphosphate
through the process of cellular respiration.
b. Lysosomes aid in building cellular vacuoles along with other anabolic reactions.
c. The stroma of the chloroplast is most closely associated with the light
independent reactions of photosynthesis.
d. Carbon dioxide fixation takes place during the evening in CAM plants.
e. The endoplasmic reticulum may be associated with lipid synthesis, protein
synthesis, transport, and detoxification.
38. Match the terms in Column A with the definition that best describes them in Column B.
Column A
Column B
1. ecotone
i.
the process of community development over time where
one organism will replace another organism
ii. a transition area where two or more communities meet
iii. a close association between two or more species
iv. two or more organisms seek out the same resources
2. symbiosis
3. competition
4. succession
Select the correct matching order.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1 – ii;
1 – iii;
1 – ii;
1 – i;
1 – iv;
2 – iii;
2 – ii;
2 – iii;
2 – ii;
2 – iii;
3 – iv;
3 – iv;
3 – i;
3 – iii;
3 – ii;
4–i
4–i
4 – iv
4 – iv
4–i
39. Which of the following features is not common to sharks?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
placoid scales
lateral line
swim bladder
endoskeleton
cloaca
40. Which of the following plant tissue type and cell types are not correctly matched?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ground tissue – cork cells
vascular tissue – tracheids
dermal tissue – guards cells
vascular tissue – companion cells
ground tissue – parenchyma cells
2008 State Finals
Biology – 8
41. Match the scientists in Column A with their most associated area of study in Column B.
Column A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Column B
Alfred Wallace
Robert Whittaker
Louis Pasteur
Francis Crick
Melvin Calvin
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Microbiology
Molecular biology
Cell physiology
Taxonomy
Evolution
Select the correct matching order.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1 – v;
1 – iv;
1 – ii;
1 – v;
1 – iii;
2 – iii;
2 – v;
2 – iv;
2 – iv;
2 – v;
3 – ii;
3 – i;
3 – i;
3 – i;
3 – ii;
4 – i;
4 – iii;
4 – v;
4 – ii;
4 – iv;
5 – iv
5 – ii
5 – iii
5 – iii
5–i
42. DNA can sometimes repair itself if there is damage. If a nucleotide excision repair
occurs then the following enzymes are used ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, and DNA helicase
DNA helicase, nuclease, and DNA primase
DNA primase, DNA helicase, and RNA polymerase
DNA ligase, DNA helicase, and DNA primase
nuclease, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase
43. Which of the following is not a monomer for an organic polymer?
a. glycerol
b. amino acid
c. nucleotide
d. glucose
e. monosaccharide
44. Which of the following is not correct?
a. The transverse or horizontal plane divides the human body into superior and inferior
portions.
b. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sides.
c. The mediastinum is located in the abdominal cavity.
d. The human heart is surrounded by a tough fibrous membrane called the fibrous
pericardium.
e. The coronal suture is located between the frontal and parietal bones of the human
skull.
45. Conidiophores produce ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
sexual spores
hypha
asexual spores
haustoria
both a and d
2008 State Finals
Biology – 9
46. Which of the following statements is not correct?
a. Coenzymes become oxidized when they give up, or lose, hydrogen atoms.
b. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four macromolecules of
living organisms.
c. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most common elements found in
living organisms.
d. Acids release hydrogen ions and bases release hydroxide ions.
e. A buffer helps maintain pH with its ability to take up or release hydroxide ions.
47. Which is not correct?
a. In a monohybrid genetics problem, if two heterozygous individuals mate, they would
expect a 3 : 1 phenotype ratio and a 1 : 2 : 1 genotype ratio.
b. In a dihybrid genetics problem, if a plant heterozygous for both traits was crossed
with a plant homozygous dominant for both traits, they would expect a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
genotype ratio.
c. In a monohybrid genetics problem, if a homozygous recessive plant was crossed with
a heterozygous plant, they would expect a 3 : 1 phenotype ratio.
d. In a dihybrid genetics problem, if a plant homozygous recessive for both traits was
crossed with a plant heterozygous for both traits, they would expect a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
genotype ratio.
e. In a dihybrid genetics problem, if the two plants crossed were heterozygous for both
traits, they would expect a 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 phenotype ratio.
48. Which of the following is not correct?
a. The proper order of the stages of the cell cycle is: interphase, anaphase, metaphase,
prophase, and telophase.
b. During metaphase, duplicated chromosomes line up on the equator or metaphase
plate of the cell.
c. During mitosis in animal cells, centrioles will move to opposite poles.
d. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms.
e. Both a and c
49. ATP is produced during ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the citric acid cycle
glycolysis
chemiosmosis
light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
all of the above.
50. Gibberillins, auxins, cytokinins, and ____ are all plant hormones.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
pectin
lignin
abscisic acid
abscission
both c and d
2008 State Finals