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CLAS 111 Final Exam Review sheet: I cannot guarantee that the exam will contain only the items on this review list, but if you know these terms and their significance, have done the readings and have paid attention to the lectures, you should be well-prepared. Bona fortuna! Good luck! Important dates All dates are BC, unless otherwise noted. 753-509 BC: The Monarchy 509-27 BC: The Roman Republic (133-27 BC : The Late Republic) 27 B.C.-A.D. 476: Roman Empire 753 BC Legendary Founding of Rome 616-509: Etruscan kings 509 Expulsion of Tarquinius Superbus by Brutus; Republic founded 494 First secession of the Plebs; creation of office of Tribune of the Plebs 445: Canuleian law allows intermarriage between Patricians and Plebs 287: Lex Hortensia: bills passed by Council of Plebs become law binding on all Romans: effective end of struggle of orders 264-241 First Punic War 218-201 Second Punic War 149-146 Third Punic War 133 Tiberius Gracchus tribune of the plebs 107 Marius consul for first time 91-89 Social War (war between Rome and its Italian allies) 88 Sulla marches on Rome 83-81 Civil war between the adherents of Marius and Sulla; proscriptions 63 Cicero consul; conspiracy of Catiline 60 First Triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus and Julius Caesar 49 Caesar crosses Rubicon to invade Italy 49-48 Civil Wars: Julius Caesar vs Pompey 48-44: Julius Caesar is Dictator 44 Julius Caesar killed 43-33 Second Triumvirate: Mark Antony, Octavian and Lepidus 32-31 Rome and Egypt at war 31 Battle of Actium: Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra 29 Gates of Temple of Janus are closed because Rome is at peace 27 Octavian becomes Augustus; beginning of Principate 27 BC – AD 14 Principate of Augustus 18 Julian marriage laws (lex Julia) 1 29-19 BC Vergil writes Aeneid AD 14 death of Augustus Rome's Neighbours; geography Alba Longa Etruscans; Etruria Latins; Latium Samnites Sabines Magna Graecia Sicily Carthage Alps Apennine Mtns Tiber River Political terms The Roman Constitution: Senate, People, Magistrates (Read Polybius' account in RP) Important magistrates/ offices Quaestor Aedile Tribune of the plebs Praetor Consul Proconsul Censor Dictator Imperium Potestas (of magistrates) Sacrosanct (Tribunes) Assemblies of the People Comitia Centuriata = Centuriate Assembly Comitia Curiata = Curiate Assembly Comitia Tributa = Tribal Assembly Concilium Plebis = Council of the Plebs SPQR: Senatus populusque Romanus: "The Senate and the Roman People" SCU: senatus consultum ultimum: The Senate rules that the consuls may do whatever they can to protect the state Patrician Plebeian Struggle or Conflict of the Orders 2 Plebiscite Equites=equestrians=knights Optimates Populares Nobiles Novus homo Historical names and terms Monarchy 753-509 BC Rhea Silvia Romulus Remus Servius Tullius Tarquinius Superbus Sextus Tarquinius Lucretia Lucius Junius Brutus Etruscan civilization; influence on Rome Early Republic 509-133 BC Conflict or Struggle of the orders Two-step plan in conquering Italy Allies = socii Latin status Municipia Roman citizenship with or without right to vote Decemvir Twelve Tables Punic Wars Hannibal Oppian law Scipio Africanus Major Scipio Africanus Minor (a.k.a. Scipio Aemilianus) Late Republic 133-27 BC Tiberius Gracchus Gaius Gracchus latifundia agrarian law or land reform law Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi Jugurthine War, Jugurtha Marius Sulla Mithridates Battle of the Colline Gate Cinna 3 Spartacus Marcus Tullius Cicero conspiracy of Catiline Clodius Clodia Caelius Catullus First Triumvirate Crassus Julius Caesar Pompey the Great Gaul Marcus Junius Brutus Cleopatra Second Triumvirate Mark Antony Octavian Lepidus Battle of Actium Principate of Augustus 27 BC – AD 14 Augustus Princeps or Princeps civitatis imperium proconsulare maius Tribunician powers Julian marriage laws (lex Julia) Promotion of traditional Roman values Livia, wife of Augustus Julia, daughter of Augustus Archeology There won't be much on archeology, but you might want to be aware of the following: Roman Forum: center of Rome: for business, law, government, religion and just hanging out Sacred Way: main street in Forum Temple of Vesta : round temple for Vestal Virgins Curia = Senate house Rostra: Speaker's platform Cloaca Maxima: the sewer that runs under the Forum Palatine hill: Rome's ritzy neighbourhood 4 Pompeii, Herculaneum; eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79 Roman house atrium = central court with pool to catch rain peristylium = peristyle, colonnaded garden Miscellaneous mos maiorum patria potestas marriage with or without manus sui iuris/suae iuris utraque lingua = "both languages," i.e., Latin and Greek nomen, praenomen, cognomen proscriptions Vestal Virgins Gods: Saturn, Mars, Vesta, plus those listed under Aeneid, below Authors Livy: History of Rome Romulus and Remus Rape of the Sabine women Kings Rape of Lucretia Struggle of the Orders Plautus: Haunted House and Terence: Woman from Andros Roman New Comedy fabulae palliatae clever slave family dynamics; patria potestas Menander Greek New Comedy Scipionic circle Polybius: The Constitution of the Roman Republic Roman Constitution Lucretius: On the Nature of Things Atomism Epicureanism 5 Epicurus Ataraxia Cicero: Pro Caelio Rhetoric and oratory Nature of law courts in Rome Caelius, Clodius, Clodia Letters; Cicero's family Wife Terentia Daughter Tullia Catullus: Poems (or Carmina) Neoteric Lesbia Sappho Vergil: Aeneid Epic poetry pietas, pius Stoic philosophy: ratio vs. ira Troy Carthage Latium Lavinium Gods: Main players: Jupiter/Jove Juno Venus Lesser players: Cupid Mercury Diana (see http://duke.usask.ca/~afd128/clas111/aeneid-gods.html for descriptions of gods) In Troy: Aeneas' family: father Anchises, wife Creusa, son Ascanius/Iulus Ghost of Hector In Carthage: Dido, Anna, Sychaeus (in memory only), Iarbus 6 In underworld: Marcellus (plus the historical figures that we already know from other lectures in class) In Italy: Royal family: Latinus, Amata, Lavinia Allecto, sent by Juno Aeneas' enemies: Turnus, leader of Rutulians His sister, Juturna Mezentius, the evil ruler of the Etruscans (the Etruscans fight alongside Aeneas in hopes of deposing Mezentius) Lausus, good son of Mezentius Camilla, a female warrior Aeneas' men and allies: Nisus and Euryalus From Pallanteum: Evander, Pallas Aeneas' shield, described at end of Book 8 7