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Astronomy Chapter 8 Name: ________________________________ Worksheet 1 Block: ________________________________ Match the definition to the correct word or term ____ 1. Outer planet A. One of numerous small, solid bodies that, when gathered together, form a planet ____ ____ 2. Asteroid belt 3. Interstellar grains B. The addition of matter to a body C. The bending of light from a distant object to form an image, usually strongly distorted by the gravitation of a mass between the object and the observer ____ 4. Solar nebula theory ____ 5. Kuiper belt D. A numerical expression for the approximate distances of most of the planets from the Sun E. Conversion of free gas atoms or molecules into a liquid or solid ____ 6. Terrestrial planets ____ 7. Oort cloud ____ ____ 8. Interstellar cloud 9. Comets ____ 10. Solar nebula ____ 11. Solar System ____ 12. Planetesimal ____ 13. Asteroid ____ 14. Accretion ____ 15. Jovian planet ____ ____ ____ 16. Condensation 17. Bode’s Law 18. Inner planet ____ 19. Gravitational lensing ____ 20. Exoplanets ____ 21. Dwarf planet F. The hypothesis that the Solar System formed from a rotating disk of gas and dust G. A planet orbiting in the inner part of the Solar System H. A planet not orbiting our Sun I. The Sun, planets, their moons, and other bodies that orbit the Sun J. A cloud of gas and dust in between the stars K. One of the giant, gaseous planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune L. A small body in orbit around the Sun, consisting of a tiny, icy core and a tail of gas and dust M. The rotating disk of gas and dust from which the Sun and planets formed N. A region from which some comets come. The region extends from the orbit of Neptune to beyond Pluto O. A region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in which most of the Solar System’s asteroids are located P. A rocky planet similar to the Earth in size and structure Q. A vast region in which comet nuclei orbit R. Microscopic solid dust particles in interstellar space S. An object that orbits the Sun and is massive enough that its gravity compresses it into an approximately spherical shape. However, it has not swept its orbital region clear of other objects of comparable mass T. A small, generally rocky, solid body orbiting the Sun and ranging in diameter from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers U. A planet whose orbit lies in the outer part of the Solar System Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 22. Which of the following planets are primarily rocky with iron cores? a. Venus, Jupiter, and Neptune b. Mercury, Venus, and Pluto c. Mercury, Venus, and Earth d. Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus e. Mercury, Saturn, and Pluto 23. One explanation of why the planets near the Sun are composed mainly of rock and iron is that a. The Sun’s magnetic field attracted all the iron in the young Solar System into the region around the Sun b. The Sun is made mostly of iron. The gas ejected from its surface is therefore iron, so that when it cooled and condensed it formed iron-rich planets near the Sun c. The Sun’s heat made it difficult for other substances such as ices and gases to condense near it d. The statement is false. The planets nearest the Sun contain large amounts of hydrogen gas and subsurface water e. The Sun’s gravitational attraction pulled iron and other heavy material inward and allowed the lighter material to float outward 24. Which of the following features of the Solar System does the solar nebula hypothesis explain? a. All the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction b. All the planets move in orbits that lie in nearly the same plane c. The planets nearest the Sun contain only small amounts of substances that condense at low temperatures d. All the planets and the Sun, to the extent that we know, are the same age e. All of the above 25. The numerous craters we see on the solid surfaces of so many Solar System bodies are evidence that a. They were so hot in their youth that volcanoes were widespread b. The Sun was so hot that it melted all these bodies and made them boil c. These bodies were originally a mix of water and rock. As the young Sun heated up, the water boiled, creating hollow pockets in the rock d. They were bombarded in their youth by many solid objects e. All the planets were once part of a single, very large and volcanically active mass that subsequently broke into many smaller pieces 26. The Doppler-shift method for detecting the presence of exoplanets is best able to detect a. Massive planets near the star b. Massive planets far from the star c. Low-mass planets near the star d. Low-mass planets far from the star 27. The transit method for detecting exoplanets works best for a. Very massive planets b. Solar systems seen face-on c. Planets very far from their stars d. Solar systems seen edge-on e. Planets very close to their stars Answer the following questions 28. What is an interstellar cloud? What does it have to do with the Solar System? 29. Describe a theory of how planets may have formed their atmospheres. 30. . What is the difference between condensation and accretion?