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Weathering NAME________________________ Period_____ Date______________ Notes #1- Earth Systems Weathering _________________________ is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at the Earth’s surface. Factors that contribute to weathering: heat, cold, water, ice, O2 and CO2 in the atmosphere smaller The forces of weathering break the rocks into __________________ and smaller piece Erosion -the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity. wear carry ***Weathering and erosion work together to __________ down and ____________ away the rocks at the Earth’s surface.*** Two Kinds of Weathering: 1. ___________________Physical weathering- physically breaking down rocks into smaller pieces. Forces of physical weathering: Ice wedging Freezing and thawing- _______________________- the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands Release of pressure-erosion moving material from the outside of a rock releases pressure on rocks below causing the rock’s surface to crack and flake off. Growth of plants- roots grow into cracks in rocks and can pry apart cracked rocks Action of animals- burrowing animals can loosen and break apart rocks in soil such as moles, gophers, prairies dogs, some insects, etc. __________________- the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity Abrasion slowly Physical weathering works_____________________!! Over time, physical weathering does more than wear down rocks, it can eventually mountains wear away whole ____________________________!!!!!!!!! Chemical 2. ___________________________ weathering- the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. *Chemical weathering produces rock particles that have a different mineral makeup ________________________________ from the rock they came from. holes soft **Chemical weathering creates _________________ or ___________ spots in rock, so the rock breaks apart more easily. together ***Chemical and physical weathering often works _____________________. As physical weathering breaks rocks into pieces, more surface area _________________________ becomes exposed to chemical weathering. Agents of chemical weathering: Water (H2O)- most important agent of chemical weathering- dissolving Water weathers rock by ____________________ rock. iron rust oxidation process called __________________________. Oxygen (O2) Rock that contains __________ will ___________ in a Carbon dioxide (CO2) CO2 becomes dissolves in rainwater and in water that sinks through air pockets in the soil. It becomes a weak acid carbonic acid marble limestone _________________ and ____________________________. roots push into cracks and produce Living organisms – Plant _____________ called___________________________( H2CO3). H2CO3 easily weathers acids Lichens _______________ are “pioneer” plants that are the first to grow onto weak __________ that slowly dissolve the rock. bare rock. Acid rain – rain with a lower pH than normal rain. It forms from pollutants in the air that come from t he burning of coal, oil, and gas. Rate of Weathering- the most important factors that determine the rate are: Type hot and ________ wet climates have faster rates B. Climate ______________--------- _________ A. ____________ of Rock- permeable rocks weather faster