Download DNA, RNA, and PROTEINS

NAME __________________________ DATE _________ PERIOD ______
DNA, RNA, and PROTEINS
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. The three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA codons are called
the_____________.
A. message matches
B. anticodon C. promoter D. exon
E. intron
2. According to Chargaff’s rules, which nucleotide is always paired with Adenine IN A DNA MOLECULE?
A. Adenine
B. Thymine
C. Guanine
D. Cytosine
E. Uracil
3. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, ___________________________________________
A. each with two new strands
B. one with two new strands and one with 2 original strands
C. each with two original strands
D. each with one new strand and one original strand
4. Which type(s) of RNA is/are involved in protein synthesis?
A. t-RNA only
B. R-RNA only
C. r-RNA and m-RNA only
D. all 3 kinds of RNA are involved in making proteins
5. Where
A.
B.
C.
D.
in the cell does transcription take place?
in the nucleus
on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
in Golgi bodies
on the nucleosomes
6. Where
A.
B.
C.
D.
in the cell does translation take place?
in the nucleus
on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
in Golgi bodies
on the nucleosomes
7. How many codons are needed to specify THREE AMINO ACIDS?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 12
8. What did the Hershey-Chase blender experiment help prove?
A. DNA is a double helix.
B. Pneumonia causes dead mice.
C. Histones are made of DNA.
D. The genetic material of proteins is made of DNA.
1
9. The molecule that caused transformation in Griffith’s pneumonia/mouse experiment was __________.
A. DNA
B. a bacteriophage
C. a protein
D. RNA
10. The process by which RNA is made from DNA is:
a. synthesis
b. translation
c. transcription
d. replication
11. Adenine always pairs with:
a. thymine
b. cytosine
c. guanine
d. ribose
12. The rungs of a DNA ladder are made of:
a. phosphates and hydrogen
b. glucose and sugars
c. sugars and phosphates
d. base pairs
13.The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is:
a. synthesis
b. replication
c. transcription
d. translation
14. A gene is:
a. a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
b. a set of homologous chromosomes
c. a molecule within DNA
15. The sugar found in DNA is:
a. equal
b. deoxyribose
c. ribose
d. glucose
16. Which of the following takes the genetic code to the cytoplasm?
a. DNA
b. deoxyribose
c. tRNA
d. mRNA
17. The three nucleotide sequence on RNA is called a:
a. tRNA
b. codon
c. anticodon
d. gene
18. Three nucleotides code for ____.
a. 1 amino acid
b. 3 amino acids
c. 1 protein
2
d. 3 proteins
19. RNA differs from DNA in that:
a. it has a different kind of sugar
b. it is single stranded
c. it has the base uracil instead of thymine
d. all of the above
20. The two men that established the structure of DNA were:
a. Wilkins and Franklin
b. Watson and Crick
c. Watson and Franklin
d. Avery and Griffith
21. Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?
a. DNA polymerase separates the bases by breaking hydrogen bonds
b. DNA is unwound
c. Hydrogen bonds form between bases
d. Chromosomes condense
22. Which of the following is required for DNA replication to occur?
a. DNA helicase
b. RNA polymerase
c. DNA polymerase
d. A and B
e. A and C
23. If DNA is found to be 40% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be expected?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 80
24. DNA
a. 2
b. 2
c. 1
d. 1
replication results in:
completely new DNA molecules
DNA molecules that each contain an strand of the original
new DNA molecule, 1 old molecule is conserved
new molecule of RNA
25. Transcription results in:
a. an animo acids chain
b. messenger RNA
c. complementary RNA
d. okazaki fragments
26. A stretch of a chromosome that codes for a trait is called:
a. chromatid
b. replication fork
c. gene
d. nucleotide
3
27. Translation begins at:
a. replication fork
b. in the nucleus
c. at the promoter
d. at the termination site
28. Which of the following is not a necessary component of translation?
a. anticodon
b. mRNA
c. DNA ligase
d. Amino acids
29. Which site on tRNA binds to the mRNA molecule?
a. anticodon
b. codon
c. amino acid
d. none of the above
30. Griffith’s transformation experiment
a. changed proteins into DNA
b. caused harmless bacteria to become deadly
c. resulted in DNA molecules becoming proteins
d. were designed to show the effect of heat on bacteria
31. Griffith’s experiments showed that
a. dead bacteria could be brought back to life.
B. harmful bacteria were hardier than harmless bacteria.
c. heat caused the harmful and harmless varieties of bacteria to fuse.
d. genetic material could be transferred between dead bacteria and living bacteria.
32. Avery’s experiments showed that transformation
a.is prevented by protein-destroying enzymes.
b.is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes.
c.causes protein to become DNA.
d.is caused by a protein.
33. Using radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria,
Hershey and Chase demonstrated without question that
a.genes are composed of protein molecules.
b.DNA and proteins are actually the same molecules located in different parts of cells.
c.bacteria inject their DNA into the cytoplasm of bacteriophages.
d.DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in cells.
34. All of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their study except
a.they consisted of DNA surrounded by a protein coat.
b.they injected their DNA into cells.
c.they destroyed the DNA of the infected bacteria.
d.they caused infected bacteria to make many new viruses.
4
35. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
a.amino acids. b.monosaccharides.
c.fatty acids. d.nucleotides
36. Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?
a.deoxyribose b.phosphate
c.nitrogen base
d.ribose
37. A nucleotide consists of
a.a sugar, a protein, and adenine.
b.a sugar, an amino acid, and starch.
c.a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
d.a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
38. adenine : thymine ::
a.protein : DNA
b.guanine : cytosine
c.Watson : Crick
d.guanine : thymine
39. The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are
a.Avery and Chargaff.
b.Mendel and Griffith.
c.Hershey and Chase.
d.Watson and Crick
40. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand.
Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
a.TTGCATG.
b.CCTAGCT.
c.AAGTATC.
d.GGATCGA.
41. Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information
encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
a.RNA molecule.
b.uracil molecule.
c.DNA molecule.
d.tRNA molecule.
42. During transcription,
a.proteins are synthesized.
b.RNA is produced.
c.DNA is replicated.
d.translation occurs.
43. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase
a.attaches to a ribosome.
b.unwinds a strand of DNA.
c.binds to a strand of RNA.
d.attaches to the promoter sequence of a gene
44. Using the genetic code, what is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mRNA
with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?
a.Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly
c.Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe
b.Val—Asp—Pro—His
d.Pro—Glu—Leu—Val
5
45. Using the genetic code, The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA with the sequence
CUCAAGUGCUUC are?
a.GAG—UUC—ACG—AAG.
b.CUC—GAA—CGU—CUU.
c.GAG—TTC—ACG—AAG.
d.CUU—CGU—GAA—CUC.
MATCH THE PROCESS WITH ITS DESCRIPTION:
TRANSLATION
TRANSCRIPTION
REPLICATION
46. ______________________ Making an complementary RNA sequence from a DNA code (DNA  RNA)
47. _______________________ Making a DNA copy of a DNA molecule (DNA  DNA)
48. _______________________ Making proteins from an RNA message (RNA  protein)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Use words from the word bank to match the following:
messenger-RNA
transfer-RNA
*
*
*
*
*
*
ribosomal-RNA
49. _____________________________________ Carries the DNA code from nucleus to cytoplasm
50. _____________________________________ Made by the nucleolus
51.__________________________________ Adds the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain
52. _____________________________________ Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
53. _____________________________________ Has a CODON region
54. _____________________________________ Has an ANTICODON region
55. ___________________
56. ___________________
57. ___________________
6
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
58.
DNA
RNA
Double / Single stranded?
Sugar used?
List all nitrogen bases it has
Which nitrogen base is missing?
Location in cell?
SHORT ANSWER:
59. Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide molecule:
__________________
_____________________
_____________________
60. Explain the function of the TATA box.
61.
USING ANALOGIES:
If a double helix is compared to a “twisted ladder”, which would the following represent?
Sides of the ladder ? _________________________________
Rungs of ladder ? _______________________________
Glue in the middle that holds the ladder together? ________________________
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Circle the letter of the answer that best completes the statement.
62. The place where RNA polymerase binds to start transcribing a gene is called the _______________
A. operator
B. promoter
C. repressor
D. anticodon
7
63. The function of the TATA box is to ________________________________.
A. bind the lac repressor
B. turn on cell division genes
C. help position the RNA polymerase
D. edit introns
64. The function of rRNA is to
a.synthesize DNA.
b.form ribosomes.
c.synthesize mRNA.
d.transfer amino acids to ribosomes
65. At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule
a.binds to the mRNA’s anticodon.
b.attaches directly to the DNA codon.
c.connects an amino acid to its anticodon.
d.binds to the mRNA’s start codon.
66. Transfer RNA
a.carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
b.synthesizes amino acids as they are needed.
c.produces codons to match the correct anticodons.
d.converts DNA into mRNA.
67. It has been discovered that the genetic material is _________________________.
68. Hershey and Chase were the first two scientists to prove that genetic material is composed of
_____________________________.
69. The sugar in DNA nucleotides is called _____________________.
70. After years of research, the structure of the DNA molecule is now known to be a ________
__________________________.
71. Before a DNA molecule can replicate itself, it must ___________________.
72. Helicases unwind the double helix of DNA by breaking the ______________ bonds that link the base
pairs.
73. RNA molecules contain the five-carbon sugar________________________.
74. During ______________________, the information on a DNA molecule is “rewritten” into an mRNA
molecule.
75. When a _______________________________________ binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid
detaches from the tRNA molecule and bonds to the end of a growing protein chain.
76. Griffith’s experiment showed that live bacteria without capsules acquired the ability to make capsules
from dead bacteria with capsules in a process Griffith called ____________________.
8
77. A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is
called a(n) ____________________.
78. The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is
____________________.
79. The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.
80. Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by
breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.
81. Transcription and translation are stages in the process of ____________________.
82. The enzyme responsible for making mRNA is called ____________________.
83. Messenger RNA is produced during the process of ____________________.
84. The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis
of protein is called a(n) ____________________.
85. During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of
____________________.
86. Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called
____________________.
87. The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process
of ____________________.
88. According to Chargaff’s rules, adenine pairs with ____________________ and guanine pairs with
____________________.
89. Of the 64 codons of mRNA, 61 code for ____________________, 3 are ______________ signals,
and one is a ____________________ signal.
MATCH THE MUTATION WITH ITS DESCRIPTION
FRAMESHIFT
TRANSLOCATION
POINT
DUPLICATION
SUBSTITUTION
INSERTION
INVERSION
DELETION
90. ___________________________ Change in one or just a few nucleotide in the code
91. ___________________________ Deletion or insertion that causes the remaining nucleotides to be
regrouped & read incorrectly
9
92. ___________________________ One nucleotide in code is replaced by another
93. ___________________________ Piece of DNA is broken off and lost
94. ___________________________ Piece of DNA breaks off and reattaches to another
NON-homologous chromosome
95. ___________________________ Piece of DNA breaks off, flips, and reattaches so that it reads
Backwards
96. ___________________________ Piece of DNA is added to the code
WHICH TYPE OF CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION IS SHOWN BELOW?
Original chromosome
97.
98.
________________________
99.
________________________
100.
Original chromosomes
Mutation
10
101. SHORT ANSWER:
Explain why a frame shift mutations can do so much damage.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
102.
This process of making copying an RNA message from the DNA code is called
____________________.
7. Tell where in the cell this happens.
103. USE THE mRNA CODE
WHEEL to tell the amino acid
sequence coded for by the
following message:
U C A A A A U U C
11
104. Name the parts/structures of a cell:
A = _____________________________
B = _____________________________
C = _____________________________
D = _____________________________
E = _____________________________
F = _____________________________
Use the genetic code chart to translate the following mRNAs into amino acid sequences and
answer the questions.
mRNA nucleotide sequence:
(mRNA 1)
105. Amino acid sequence:
Mutation in nRNA:
(mRNA 2)
106. Amino acid sequence:__________________________________________________________________
107. Number of bases changed in mRNA:______________________________________________________
108. Type of mutation:_____________________________________________________________________
109. Number of amino acids changed:_________________________________________________________
12
Mutation in mRNA:
(nRNA 3; compare to 1)
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
Amino acid sequence:__________________________________________________
Number of bases changed in mRNA (look carefully!):___________________________
Type of mutation:_____________________________________________________
Number of amino acids changed (compared to mRNA L):_________________________
Which mutation had the greatest effect and why?_____________________________
.
13
14