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Chapter 6:
The Rise
of Islam
In the Beginning….. The desert, a
man and a voice….
A. Muhammad
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Born in 570 AD in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
was orphaned early, became a caravan trader
Exposed to many religions in his travels
Arabs are polytheistic at this time
At age 40, he is allegedly visited by the angel Gabriel
who orders him to teach the word of Allah to the Arabs
Begins to teach but rulers in Mecca persecuted him.
Flees to Medina where people accept his teachings.
Writes the Qur’an (Koran), holy book of Islam.
a. teachings revealed to Muhammad
b. teachings from the Torah and Bible
Returns and conquers Mecca
B. Beliefs
• Central belief:
1. There is only one God – Allah
2. Muhammad is Allah’s prophet.
• FIVE pillars of Islam:
1. Recite the profession of faith (central belief)
2. Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
3. Give alms (food/money) to the poor
4. Fast during month of Ramadan
(no food or drink sunrise to sunset)
5. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca (the holy city) at least
once (hajj)
C. Muslim moral code
• Men restricted to 4 wives and are to treat them
equally
• Women have more rights than under pagan
Arabia but less than modern USA.
• Muslims speak Arabic language.
• Jihad (holy war) is important to defend the faith.
• People killed in jihad are
martyrs and go to heaven.
• Can not eat pork or
drink alcohol
Muslim place of worship: Mosque
No religious images or statues, no
pictures of Muhammad, no
ceremonies/priesthood
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey today
Imam: spiritual leader
Muslim Prayer
Hajj or Pilgrimage to Mecca
D. Islam Grows
• Muhammad dies in 632 AD
• His successors Abu Bakr and Umar continue
the process of spreading Islam.
• Muslim traders traveled to Asia, Africa, and
Europe and conquered a large territory.
• Muslims who conquered Spain were called
Moors. They bring advancements in science
and medicine to Europe.
• Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in
Fourth Crusade. Ottoman Empire is Turkey
today.
• Mughal Empire rules India and Shan Jahan
builds Taj Mahal.
• Islam spreads through both force and trade.
Islamic Contributions
1. Ibn Battutu - scholar and
explorer travelled to
Asia/Africa, wrote books on
travels, compared to
Europe’s Marco Polo –
they increased interest in
other cultures
2. Ibn Sina – father of early
modern medicine (wrote
books, introduced idea of
quarantine for disease,
tested drugs and
medications)
3. Taj Mahal in India – Shan
Jahan built in memory of
his wife
E. Islam divides over a question of leadership
A. Shi’ah or
Shiite
• Only Muhammad’s
descendents can
interpret scripture
• Imams have
absolute spiritual
power
• Shiites are the poor
in today’s Islam
• 10-12% of all
Muslims today
B. Sunni
• Consensus of the
Islamic community
interprets scripture
• Imams have limited
spiritual power
• The middle and
upper class in
today's Islam
• 88-92% of all
Muslims today.
Islam continues to grow today
1. Islam is one of the fastest growing
religions in the world.
2. It is the second largest religion behind
Christianity.
3. Approximately 25% of the population
of the world are Muslims.
4. It is predicted to be the most
practiced religion in the world by
2023.
Traditional
Muslim Greeting
Famous Muslims:
• Assalamu
Alaikum
Shaquille O’Neal
(Peace be with
you)
Muhammad Ali
Akon
T-Pain
• Wa alaikum
salam
Dave Chappelle
(And also with
you)
Prince Naseem
Hamed