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MIB 311 Virology Lecturer: Muse Oke Email – [email protected] Course outline • Definition of viruses • Importance of viruses • General characteristics of plant, animal and bacterial viruses • Classification of viruses • viral replication strategies • Full description of select viruses including symbiotic characteristics Objectives of the course • provide students with a good understanding of viruses and their - structures - classification systems - replication strategies - non-living status Week I: what are viruses? What are viruses? • Acellular infectious agents • infect all living things • Intracellular parasites Bacteriophages/ bacterioviruses Archaeoviruses Eukaryoviruses Week 2: why study viruses? Why study viruses • • • • • • • • • • • Most abundant biological entities on the planet - 1031 Excellent molecular biology tools Infections Cancers Treating bacterial infections? protein expression Some of our genome is from viruses Most prolific genetic inventors Transfer genes between species – enhance biodiversity Production of vaccines Train the immune system Week 3: components and structures of viruses Capsid Symmetry Helical Icosahedral Complex Structures of Viruses T-even Coliphage Archaeoviruses Ebola HIV Week 4: classification of viruses Baltimore Classification System Group I: dsDNA e.g most prokaryotic viruses II: ssDNA e.g bacteriophage ΦX174 III: dsRNA e.g rotavirus IV: + strand RNA e.g polio virus; tobacco mosaic virus • V: - strand RNA e.g. Influenza, Ebola • VI: ssRNA e.g HIV • VII: ds gapped-DNA e.g hepatitis B virus • • • • Week 5: ‘Life cycle’ of viruses Temperate phage Bacteriophage Lambda Lysogenic Lytic Bacteriophage lambda Week 6: Smallpox virus Eradication of the smallpox virus is one of the greatest achievements of science and the human race Smallpox • First human disease to be eradicated (1979) • 80% of infected children died • responsible for an estimated 300–500 million deaths during the 20th century. • The history of vaccination is the history of smallpox. Week 7: And finally…a few unusual viruses Like giant viruses Giant viruses • Giant because 1. they are much larger (850 – 1500 nm) than all previously characterized viruses (10 – 100 nm) • blurred the distinction between viruses and cells • May need to redefine ‘life’ Further reading • Willey, J. M., Sherwood, L., Woolverton, C. J., & Prescott, L. M. (2008). Prescott, Harley, and Klein's microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Critical thinking questions • Why are viruses considered non-living? • What is so unusual about giant viruses?