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Sound Sound waves are _____________ (transverse/longitudinal). They travel as _________ (vibrations/EM waves). They are made up of ________ Waves Revision Booklet (compressions/extensions) and _________ (expansions/rarefactions) and are detected by our _________ (ear drums/pinna). These vibrations are converted to ________ (electrical/light) signals in the cochlea. Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases, but they cannot travel through vacuums - this is because a vacuum _____________________. Which of the following sounds are in the audible range for the average human? 12 kHz 200 Hz 21 kHz 0.5 kHz 1 Hz 0.1 MHz 15 kHz 900 Hz Name: Class: Waves transfer ______ and information without transferring ______. Label each of the waves as either transverse of longitudinal. 1 Second 1 Second Calculate the time period and frequency of each of the above waves. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Which of the waves above has the highest pitch? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Which of the waves is the loudest? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Write a sentence about how each is defined. _____________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Diffraction A Wave Direction Properties of Waves B Label the wavelength and amplitude on the wave, and complete the table below. Wave Property Definition Wavelength Amplitude Draw on the wavelength of both waves. Complete the above diagrams for both waves. Frequency Define diffraction: Time Period ____________________________________________________ Complete the two equations and hence answer the following calculations. Frequency = Wave Speed = -7 A radio wave has a time period of 5 x 10 s (0.0000005 s). Calculate the frequency and the wavelength. _______________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Why does one wave diffract more than the other? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Refractive Index Electromagnetic Spectrum Complete the two equations for calculating the refractive index: Refractive Index (n) = Speed of Light in Vacuum or sin i Complete the above table using the equation you have just completed. Use the space below for your calculations. Electromagnetic _______ travels as _______ waves and transfers _____ from one place to another. All electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum, and they all travel at the same speed in a vacuum - the speed of _____. The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous range of _________. The types of radiation that occur in each part of the spectrum have different uses and dangers, which depend on their wavelength and ________. Words: frequency radiation light energy wavelengths r transverse Substance Speed of Light (m/s) Refractive Index Air 300 000 000 1.0 Water 225 000 000 Put the seven different sections of the EM spectrum in the table below, in order of increasing wavelength. Then complete the table. Perspex 200 000 000 Section Sources Gamma Rays Radioactive materials. Geiger-Müller tube. Sterilising food and medical equipment, radiotherapy. X-rays X-ray tubes. X-radiography. Ultraviolet UV lamps and the Sun. Skin, photographic film. Fluorescent tubes and UV tanning lamps. Visible Luminous objects. Eyes, photographic film, LDRs. Seeing, communication (optical fibres), photography. Infrared Hot objects. Skin, blackened thermometers. Infrared heaters, remote controls, thermal imaging. Microwaves Microwave transmitters and ovens. Microwave receivers. Mobile phone and satellite communication, cooking. Radio Waves Radio transmitters, TV transmitters. Radio and TV aerials. Long-, medium- and shortwave radio, TV. Glass 1.5 Diamond 2.4 A ray of light enters a glass block at 40° from the normal. The angle of refraction was 25°. Calculate the refractive index of the glass. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Complete the diagram: What use could we have for this situation? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ What other uses do we have for total internal reflection? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Detectors Photographic film. Uses Hazards are associated with EM radiation. List some of the dangers below. Microwaves: ___________________________________________ Infrared: _____________________________________________ Ultraviolet: ____________________________________________ Gamma-rays: ___________________________________________ What causes light to refract? _____________________________ Reflection & Refraction _________________________________________________ Complete the equation for the law of reflection: Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection Using the law of reflection, and using a protractor, complete the follow- Air Glass Using the diagram below, explain what happens to a ray of light as it enters and exits a more optically dense medium. _____________________ _____________________ ing diagram: _____________________ Air _____________________ _________________________________________________ Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection = Give the definition of a virtual image: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ What would happen if the angle of incidence was 0°? _________________________________________________ Glass Air What are the three properties of virtual image? Use the image to explain your answers. ________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Glass Air Glass C Air What is the name of the angle labelled C? ___________________________ Explain, in as much detail as you can, what happens as the angle of incidence increases. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________