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Sound
Sound waves are _____________ (transverse/longitudinal). They travel as
_________ (vibrations/EM waves). They are made up of ________
Waves Revision Booklet
(compressions/extensions) and _________ (expansions/rarefactions) and
are detected by our _________ (ear drums/pinna). These vibrations are
converted to ________ (electrical/light) signals in the cochlea.
Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases, but they cannot travel
through vacuums - this is because a vacuum _____________________.
Which of the following sounds are in the audible range for the average human?
12 kHz 200 Hz 21 kHz
0.5 kHz
1 Hz 0.1 MHz 15 kHz 900 Hz
Name:
Class:
Waves transfer ______ and information without transferring ______.
Label each of the waves as either transverse of longitudinal.
1 Second
1 Second
Calculate the time period and frequency of each of the above waves.
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Which of the waves above has the highest pitch? Explain your answer.
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Which of the waves is the loudest? Explain your answer.
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Write a sentence about how each is defined. _____________________
___________________________________________________
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Diffraction
A
Wave
Direction
Properties of Waves
B
Label the wavelength and amplitude on the wave, and complete the table below.
Wave Property Definition
Wavelength
Amplitude
Draw on the wavelength of both waves.
Complete the above diagrams for both waves.
Frequency
Define diffraction:
Time Period
____________________________________________________
Complete the two equations and hence answer the following calculations.
Frequency =
Wave Speed =
-7
A radio wave has a time period of 5 x 10 s (0.0000005 s). Calculate the
frequency and the wavelength. _______________________________
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Why does one wave diffract more than the other?
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Refractive Index
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Complete the two equations for calculating the refractive index:
Refractive Index (n) = Speed of Light in Vacuum
or
sin i
Complete the above table using the equation you have just completed. Use the space below
for your calculations.
Electromagnetic _______ travels as _______ waves and transfers _____
from one place to another. All electromagnetic waves can travel through a
vacuum, and they all travel at the same speed in a vacuum - the speed of
_____. The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous range of _________.
The types of radiation that occur in each part of the spectrum have different
uses and dangers, which depend on their wavelength and ________.
Words: frequency radiation light energy wavelengths r transverse
Substance
Speed of Light (m/s)
Refractive Index
Air
300 000 000
1.0
Water
225 000 000
Put the seven different sections of the EM spectrum in the table below, in
order of increasing wavelength. Then complete the table.
Perspex
200 000 000
Section
Sources
Gamma Rays
Radioactive materials. Geiger-Müller tube.
Sterilising food and medical
equipment, radiotherapy.
X-rays
X-ray tubes.
X-radiography.
Ultraviolet
UV lamps and the Sun. Skin, photographic
film.
Fluorescent tubes and UV
tanning lamps.
Visible
Luminous objects.
Eyes, photographic
film, LDRs.
Seeing, communication
(optical fibres), photography.
Infrared
Hot objects.
Skin, blackened
thermometers.
Infrared heaters, remote
controls, thermal imaging.
Microwaves
Microwave transmitters and ovens.
Microwave receivers.
Mobile phone and satellite
communication, cooking.
Radio Waves
Radio transmitters,
TV transmitters.
Radio and TV aerials.
Long-, medium- and shortwave radio, TV.
Glass
1.5
Diamond
2.4
A ray of light enters a glass block at 40° from the normal. The angle of refraction was 25°.
Calculate the refractive index of the glass. ________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Complete the diagram:
What use could we have for this situation?
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
What other uses do we have for total internal reflection?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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Detectors
Photographic film.
Uses
Hazards are associated with EM radiation. List some of the dangers below.
Microwaves: ___________________________________________
Infrared: _____________________________________________
Ultraviolet: ____________________________________________
Gamma-rays: ___________________________________________
What causes light to refract? _____________________________
Reflection & Refraction
_________________________________________________
Complete the equation for the law of reflection:
Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
Using the law of reflection, and using a protractor, complete the
follow-
Air
Glass
Using the diagram below, explain what happens to a ray of
light as it enters and exits a more optically dense medium.
_____________________
_____________________
ing diagram:
_____________________
Air
_____________________
_________________________________________________
Angle of incidence =
Angle of reflection =
Give the definition of a virtual image:
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
What would happen if the angle of incidence was 0°?
_________________________________________________
Glass
Air
What are the three properties of virtual image? Use the image to explain
your answers. ________________________________________
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__________________________________
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Glass
Air
Glass
C
Air
What is the name of the angle labelled C?
___________________________
Explain, in as much detail as you can, what
happens as the angle of incidence increases.
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