Download Body Positioning

Anatomy and Physiology 120
Body Organization
&
Terminology Lab
Michelle Giffin
What you need to Know!
1. Levels of organization
2. 11 organ systems
3. General functions of each system
4. Which system each organ belongs to
5. Which cavity each organ is found in
Anatomical Positioning
Terms of Direction
►Superior: structure higher than another
►Inferior: _______________________
Anterior: _______________________
Posterior: Pertaining to the back
Medial: _______________________
Lateral: Pertaining to the side
o Proximal: Closer to the midline or origin
o Distal:__________________________
• Superficial: Near the surface
• Deep: __________________
3
3
3) Proximal
2
1
1
1) Distal
Planes of Reference
• Three planes of view
1. Sagittal
2. Frontal
3. Transverse
Sagittal
Sections
Fig 9.76 Hagens, G.,
2003. Body Worlds
Frontal
Sections
Fig 9.75 Hagens, G.,
2003. Body Worlds
Transverse
Sections
Fig 9.74 Hagens, G.,
2003. Body Worlds
Body Cavities
• Dorsal Body Cavity
– Cranial cavity (1)
– Vertebral canal (2)
• Ventral Body Cavity
–
–
–
–
Diaphragm (3)
Thoracic body cavity (4)
Abdominal cavity (5)
Pelvic cavity (6)
Abdominopelvic
cavity
Body Cavities
• Thoracic Cavity
– Pleural cavities: is a closed space within which the lung
has grown.
– Pericardial cavity: a closed space within which the heart
has grown
– Mediastinum: Tissues and organs that form a septum
between the lungs
Body Membranes
Serous membranes
• Visceral & Parietal Pleura (lung)
• Visceral & Parietal Pericardium (heart)
• Visceral & Parietal Peritoneum (abdominal cavity)
Note: Visceral – inner layer
Parietal – outer layer
Heart
or
Lung
Minor Cavities
• Oral – Mouth
• Orbital – Eye
• Nasal – Nose
• Middle Ear – Middle Ear 
Levels of Organization
Atom  Molecule  Macromolecule  Organelle  Cell
 Tissue 
Organ 
Organ System  Organism
11 Organ Systems
1) Integumentary System
*Protects body from damage & body's 1st line of defense
*Skin, hair, nails, & sweat glands
2) Skeletal System
*Supports the body of an animal & protection
*Bones
3) Muscular System
*Movement
*Skeletal muscles  Diaphragm
4) Nervous System
* To communicate information
*Brain, spinal cord, & nerves
5) Endocrine System
*hormone releasing
*Thyroid, pituitary, & ovaries / testis
6) Cardiovascular System
*Move nutrients, gases & waist
*Heart, Aorta, arteries, & veins
7) Lymphatic System
* Carries lymph throughout the body & immunity
*Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
8) Digestive System
* Breakdown of chemicals in the body so it can be absorbed
* Mouth, tongue teeth, salivary gland, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestine,
appendix, rectum
9) Respiratory System
* Allow gas exchange
*Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
10) Urinary system
* Removal of nitrogenous waist
*Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
11) Reproductive System
*Male – scrotum, testes, penis, urethra
*Female – Ovaries, uterus, vagina, uterine tubes
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