Download Review Sheet – Human Body Systems

Name: _____________________
ANATOMY BLIZZARD BAG 3
1. Explain why the cells below look different from one another.
Nerve cell
2. Muscular and Skeletal Systems
The skeletal and muscular systems work together to support the body and allow for
movement. The skeletal system also makes blood cells and protects vital organs.
Bones are living organs that are made up of
and have blood
vessels and nerves that run through them. They are light because they have a
.
The five functions of the skeletal system are: movement, shape and support, store minerals, produce
_________________, and __________________________ organs. Muscles always work in
One muscle
.
while the other relaxes.
3. Circulatory System
The circulatory system carries needed substances (oxygen and nutrients) to cells and carries
waste products (CO2) away from cells. It also helps fight disease.
Blood is made up of plasma,
, white blood cells and platelets.
Red blood cells carry
to body cells and ___________
__________________away from body cells.
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called
are the tiny blood vessels where gas exchange happens.
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries in the lungs. When oxygen rich blood returns from the
lungs it enters the ______
_______ of the heart (atria and ventricle) to get pumped out the aorta to the
e.
h.
f.
g.
4. Label the parts of the heart.
b.
a.
d.
c.
The correct sequence that blood takes as it travels through the body is below:
__________ (right side)  lungs heart (_________ side)  to ___________
5. Respiratory System
The respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside air into the body and removes the waste
products carbon dioxide and water from the body.
Air is a mixture mostly made up of two gases
Human use the
and
from the air we breathe for
Air goes in the nasal passages and travels down the tube called the
The trachea splits into smaller and smaller tubes. At the ends of the smallest tubes are the
, tiny air sacs where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged. When a person
exercises his/her heart rate increases to bring more
and glucose to their muscle cells.
6.
Glucose + Oxygen
Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water
The chemical equation above represents the process of
Circle the organic molecule that is broken down for energy in this process:
carbohydrate
protein
lipid
vitamin
Circle the major waste product of respiration in cells:
sugar
carbon dioxide
oxygen
nitrogen
7. Look at the graph below. On the left is a description of Bob’s motion and speed. On the right,
describe what Bob’s heart rate would look like at each position. (increasing, decreasing
or remaining the same)
Describing Motion
Part
B
Part
A
Part
A
B
C
Part
C
Describing Heart Rate
Part
D
Part
C
Part
B
Part
E
Part
F
Description of Bob’s direction and
speed
Moving slowly 1 m/s away from
starting point
Increase speed 8 m/s away from
starting point
Standing still for 3 seconds
Part
A
Part
A
B
C
D
E
Slowly 10/7.5 m/s (1.3 m/s) returning
to starting point
Moving past starting point fast 20 m/s
F
Standing still for 4 seconds
F
D
Part
D
Why does Bob’s heart rate increase while exercising?
E
Part
E
Description of Bob’s Heart Rate
Part
F
8. Digestive System
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrient molecules the body can use, absorbs the
molecules into the blood, and eliminates waste products.
List the six nutrients the human body needs for survival:
9. Complete the chart with the name of the nutrient:
Organic Nutrient Molecules that Provide Calories
Name of Molecule
Function
Main source of energy for the
body
Builds cellular materials
Foods Found In
pasta, bread, cereal, grains
fish, meats, eggs, beans, nuts,
peanut butter
Stores energy and dissolve vitamins
butter, ice cream, cheese, oils
10. List the sequence of organs in the order the food travels through the digestive tract:
11. In the mouth,
bite and crush the food and the enzyme amylase found in
begins to break down the carbohydrate starch into
In the esophagus, peristalsis, ____________ ________________, squeezes the food down to the stomach.
The churning of the stomach along with stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) and the enzyme
break down
. The thick paste then goes to the small
intestine. Most of the ______________ digestion (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates) happens in the small
intestine. Nutrients are absorbed through the villi into the blood vessels and are carried to the body cells.
The liver produces
which is secreted into the small intestine and breaks ________
in food down into small droplets. In the large intestine,
is absorbed and the left over substances are formed into a solid form to be
eliminated from the body as waste through the anus.
12. Complete the following chart by
 Putting an “X” in each box where mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, or absorption
occurs.
 Listing the enzyme(s) found in each digestive organ.
 Listing any other important parts or facts about each organ.
Mechanical digestion- the physical process of breaking food into smaller pieces.
(The pieces could be put back together).
Chemical digestion- the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.
(The final product is not the same as the original molecule. It cannot be
returned to the original molecule).
Absorption- the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of
the digestive system into the blood.
Part
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Large
Intestine
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Mechanical
Digestion
Chemical
Digestion
Absorption
Enzyme(s)
Other
Nervous System
The nervous system receives information about what is happening to the body and
directs the way the body responds to this information.
Cells that carry information through your nervous system are called
A
picks up a stimulus from the environment and changes it into a nerve
impulse. The nerve impulse travels through nerves to the
that then carries the impulse to the brain. The brain interprets the impulse and sends a message to the
that tell the muscles to contract. A
is an
automatic response that takes place very fast. In a reflex action, the
is not
involved. The impulses travel from the __________ neuron to the spinal cord and then back to the
___________ neurons. In order for the body to perform a reflex action the ___________________ and
_____________________ systems must work together.
13. Endocrine System
are chemicals that carry messages throughout the body.
Hormones are produced by glands of the endocrine system.
The pancreas produces a hormone known as
. Not making this
any of enough of this hormone results in a disease called diabetes.
14. Excretory System
The
remove carbon dioxide waste from blood.
The
filter out waste products (urea from the
breakdown of proteins and extra water) from the blood. These wastes are eliminated in
urine.