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United States History Topic 6: World War II (1931-1945) 6-3 – The United States Enters World War II Key Terms Japan Attacks the United States embargo – (July 1940) the US tried to stop Japanese expansion into Indochina by placing an embargo on important naval and aviation supplies to Japan, such as oil, iron ore, fuel, steel, and rubber Hideki Tojo – (1884–1948) Japanese prime minister (1941-1944); known as “the Razor” for his sharp mind; after the war, he was tried for war crimes and hanged in December 1948 1941 - throughout the summer Japan and the US attempted to negotiate an end to their disagreement; in late November, the US rejected Japan’s last offer; Tojo decided to deliver a decisive first blow against the US Pearl Harbor – (December 7, 1941) American military base in Hawaii; Japan’s mission was to eradicate the American naval and air presence in the Pacific with a surprise attack results – Americans lost nearly 2,500 people killed and most of their ships and planes severely damaged or unusable; the US fleet was out of commission for nearly 6 months, allowing the Japanese to expand – just as they had planned; the US declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941 Q: How did Pearl Harbor change American opinion about the war? Patriotism Inspires Rapid Mobilization George Marshall – (1880–1959) US Army Chief of Staff (19391945); directed the military buildup, from coordinating and training troops to overseeing the manufacturing and delivery of all the necessary supplies; during the course of the war, more than 16 million Americans served in the military Women’s Army Corps (WAC) – (1943-1978) US Army group established during World War II so that women could serve in non-combat roles; fulfilled important functions as clerical workers, truck drivers, instructors, and lab technicians; 150,000 women volunteered to serve War Production Board (WPB) – (1942-1945) created to oversee the conversion of peacetime industry to war industry; called for factories to convert to airplane, tank, or bomb production “production miracle” – the massive defense spending finally ended the Great Depression; unemployment fell from 19% in 1938 to just 1.2% in 1944; in 1944 American production levels were double those of all the Axis nations put together; Stalin said, “to American production, without which the war would have been lost” Q: Which was more important, military or industrial mobilization? Give two reasons The Early War in the Pacific Douglas MacArthur – (1880–1964) was a leading U.S. general of World War II and the Korean War. MacArthur’s strategies were integral to U.S. success in the Pacific Theatre and in managing Japan during the postwar period. Bataan Death March – during World War II, the forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war under brutal conditions led by the Japanese military Battle of the Coral Sea – World War II battle that took place between Japanese and American aircraft carriers in May 1942, halting the Japanese advance in the Pacific Q: What happened in the Pacific theater from December 1941 through May 1942?