Download unit 8 pacific theater cornell notes

Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: UNIT 8 WORLD WAR II
Name:
War in the Pacific and the End of the War
Class/Period:
Terms: 36-47, 51-53
Date:
Essential Question: How was WWII ultimately won? What will WWII lead to?
Questions/VOCAB/Main
Ideas:
Notes:
I.
The War in the Pacific
1. The Americans did not celebrate long, as Japan was busy conquering an empire that
dwarfed Hitler’s ______________ __________________
2. Japan had conquered much of southeast Asia including the Dutch East Indies,
____________ , and most of _____________________
Flying Tigers
3. While we did agree to end the war in ____________ first—we did not totally ignore
the _____________.
4. After Pearl Harbor the US ________________ _______________ and fought the
Japanese in China
5. The _____________ _______________ were volunteer pilots who fought the
Japanese in the Pacific in 1941
a. They flew missions in _____________and ______________
6.
7.
8.
9.
II.
Philippines
The fighting in the Pacific also took place in the American Territory of the
___________________
a. Led by General __________________ _________________
b. By December 1941 Japan had destroyed half of the army’s fighter planes and
had control of Guam, Wake Island, and _____________ _______________.
c. The Japanese invaded the __________________ on Dec. 22 1941
Japanese forces advanced on __________ sides
MacArthur and his troops fell back to the _____________ Peninsula
a. Trapped and lacking necessary supplies they lived on _________ and
______________rations.
b. FDR ordered MacArthur to ____________ and to take command of the army
in the Southwest Pacific.
c. MacArthur promised, "___ _____________ _______________."
d. MacArthur left on March 11
e. the remaining ______________ Allied forces surrendered in April 1942
Japanese troops forced the ____________ _________ ____________________
prisoners of war to march more than _______ miles inland.
a. More than ______________ American and Filipino troops died,
b. known as the _______________ ___________ _______________
c. By early May 1942, the Allies ________ the Philippines
III.
Allied Military Strategy in the Pacific
10. Allied Military Strategy in the Pacific (1941- ________)
a. By 1942, Japan had controlled almost the entire area of the
_________________
b. Allies were able to hold on to Hawaii and _____________________
c. “Active defense” campaign:
i. Battle of the Coral Sea (__________,1942)
ii. Battle of Midway (_____________, 1942)
iii. Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943)
11. U.S. begins a military policy called _________________ ___________________to gain
control of various key islands and get within striking distance of Japan.
The Battle of _____________
12. Japan’s next thrust was toward Midway Island – a __________________ island
northwest of Hawaii
13. ADMIRAL _______________ _____________________
a. the Commander of American Naval forces in the Pacific
14. The Americans won a decisive victory as their planes destroyed ____ Japanese aircraft
carriers and ____________ planes
was a turning point for US military in the Pacific because Japan’s navy was turned
back as it suffered heavy losses
IV.
Kamikaze Pilots Attack Allies
15. The Americans continued ISLAND HOPPING across the Pacific toward
__________________
16. Japanese countered by employing a new tactic –____________________(divine wind)
attacks
a. Pilots in small bomb-laden planes would_______________ into Allied ships
b. Example: In the Battle for the Philippines, ___________Kamikaze pilots sank
16 ships and damaged 80 more
V.
General MacArthur in the Pacific
17. The Allies took control of several islands in the Pacific under the leadership of
General_________________ ______________________________
a. In charge of the victories in:
i. Iwo Jima (1945)
ii. Okinawa (1945)
iii. The recapture of the _______________________was the highlight
(Oct. 1944-March 1945)
18. After Okinawa, MacArthur predicted that a Normandy type amphibious invasion of
Japan would result in _________________________________Allied deaths
19. President Truman saw only one way to avoid an invasion of Japan . . .
a. What way??
b. What would be the result of an invasion of mainland Japan?
VI.
The Development of the Bomb
The Office of Scientific Research and Development
20. In 1941, FDR created the OSRD to bring __________________ into the war effort
a. Focus was on ________ and __________ to locate submarines
b. Also worked on penicillin and pesticides like _________
21. The most important achievement of the OSRD was the secret development of the
___________________ _____________
a. ____________ _____________________ wrote to FDR warning him that the
Germans were attempting to develop such a weapon
b. The code used to describe American efforts to build the bomb was the
“___________________ Project”
i. The leader of the Project in New Mexico was ______________
____________________
“The Alternative to surrender is prompt and utter destruction…”
22. August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb is dropped on _______________________(at least
75,000 killed)
23. August 9, 1945: Atomic bomb is dropped on ________________________
24. Japan surrenders to Allied Forces on the USS __________________after the second
bomb was dropped on Nagasaki: August 14th–______________Day
The Occupation of Japan
25. Japan was occupied by U.S. forces under the command of General
______________________
26. During the seven-year occupation, MacArthur reshaped Japan’s _________________
by introducing free-market practices that led to a remarkable economic recovery
27. Additionally, he introduced a liberal __________________________that to this day is
called the _______________________Constitution
VII.
Japanese War Crimes Trials
28. During the war, the Axis Powers had repeatedly violated the __________________
_____________________,
a. an international agreement governing the ____________ treatment of
wounded ______________and _______________ ___ ___________
29. The Allies tried more than a ___________Japanese citizens for committing atrocities in
___________, Korea, and Southeast Asia and brutally mistreating prisoners of war.
a. Hundreds were condemned to death, including Prime Minister
___________ _________and the general responsible for the
____________ __________ ______________
VIII.
Impact of the War:
Civil Rights?
30. "Double V" campaign—victory against ____________ abroad and victory against
____________________ at home.
a. Led by Labor leader ____ _________________ _____________________
31. In June 1941, Randolph presented ________ a list of demands involving the end of
_____________________ practices in __________________-funded programs like:
a. ______________
b. ______________
c. And _______________________
32. He also took steps to organize a massive protest march on Washington, D.C.
33. ___________ passes Executive Order ___________ in 1941
a. Assured fair hiring practices in any job funded with ________________ money
and established the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce these
requirements.
b. By 1944, nearly _____million African Americans worked in defense
industries, although racist practices were still common.
IX.
The Cost Of War:
34. War Costs $$:
a. US Debt 1940—$ _____Billion
b. US Debt 1945—$ _____ Billion
35. WWII cost $ ______ billion—______times the cost of WWI and equivalent to all
previous federal spending since 1776
36. The human Cost of War
a. U.S. lost over ____________
b. World suffered at least ________ million
c. Over _______million Russians alone died
d. Over ____ million in death camps
37. New fears arise after the war– fight to contain _________________________–
a. What new war begins?
X.
The War Results in New International Organizations:
The UN
38. The US led the charge for the establishment of the _____________ ___________ (UN)
a. April 1945, delegates from _____ nations met in San Francisco to write the
charter for the UN
i. UN later set up its permanent home in _____ ________ _____
b. . Major goal of the UN was to ___________ further __________
____________ or events such as the ________________.
c. The _____, the _____________ ______________, __________,
___________, and _____________—were assigned permanent seats on
the most powerful arm of the UN, the ___________ ______________.
d. President Truman named former First Lady _____________
________________ to represent the US at the UN.
GATT
39. In 1947 the US signed the ________________ ___________________ on
____________________ and _______________ (GATT)
a. a treaty designed to expand world trade by reducing t_______________.
40. Losing protective tariffs has caused some ________________ in the United
States to _________ from competition with foreign goods but the lower
________________encouraged world trade in general.
The World Bank
41. In 1944 with the Allies pushed for establishment of the :
a.
b.
42. The US provided most of the working ______________ ($$) for these new
organizations, which worked to foster _________ _________________ and
____________________stability.
a. Started a trend in shifting from the gold standard to _______ money.
b. The international currency system was pegged to the __________.
dollar—effectively making the dollar the new standard.
Big Picture:
1. Truman made the ultimate decision to end the war by bombing Japan with two
atomic bombs. DO you think this was a good decision? WHY OR WHY NOT?
Summary: