Download Status of Living and Extinct Taxa

Status of Living and Extinct Taxa
Mammals
Amphibians
1/7 (14%)
is globally
threatened
or extinct.
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
Nearly 1/4 (22%) Nearly 1/3 (31%)
is globally
is globally
threatened
threatened
or extinct.
or extinct.
Birds
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The Geologic Time Scale
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The Geologic Time Scale
Geologic era
or event
Geologic period
Geologic epoch
Time (mya)
Earth is formed
—
—
4,500
Archean
—
—
4,300
Proterozoic
—
—
2,500
Paleozoic
Cambrian
—
542
Paleozoic
Ordovician
—
488
Paleozoic
Silurian
—
444
Paleozoic
Devonian
—
416
Paleozoic
Carboniferous
—
359
8.0
Paleozoic
Permian
—
299
6.6
Mesozoic
Triassic
—
251
5.6
Mesozoic
Jurassic
—
200
4.4
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
—
145
Cenozoic
Tertiary
Paleocene
65
Cenozoic
Tertiary
Eocene
55.8
Cenozoic
Tertiary
Oligocene
33.9
Cenozoic
Tertiary
Miocene
23
Cenozoic
Tertiary
Pliocene
5.3
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Pleistocene
1.8
0.04
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Recent (Holocene)
0.01
0
DRAFT
Distance on a
football field (yds)
100
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 3.1
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 4.1
+
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
Heritable
variation
→
Competition for
environmental
resources
needed for
survival
Natural Selection and Evolution
DRAFT
Differential
reproduction
→
Changes in
populations
over time
Timeline of Ideas Leading Up to
and Following Darwin’s Work
1798An Essay on the Principle of Population:
Malthus states increasing human population
will need more food than available.
1809
oological Philosophy: Lamarck suggests
Z
evolution occurs in an individual organism—
some organs used more, some less.
Darwin is born.
1827Darwin drops out of medical school, begins
religious studies at Cambridge. Botany professor recommends him to the Beagle expedition.
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
1830
P rinciples of Geology: Lyell discusses the great
age of the Earth, how small changes over long
periods lead to change on a grand scale.
1831Darwin joins the voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle
as naturalist, reads Lyell’s first volume.
1836H.M.S. Beagle returns. Naturalists help Darwin
catalog his specimens. Farmers and pigeon
breeders describe to him their efforts to
improve crops and animals.
(continued on next page)
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1842Sketch on Natural Selection: Darwin’s initial
version of his theory of evolution.
1858Alfred Wallace comes to the same conclusion
as Darwin: natural selection is a driving force
behind evolution. Linnaean Society presents
the men’s work together.
1859On the Origin of Species: Darwin explains his
theory of evolution by natural selection.
1866Austrian monk Gregor Mendel proposes the
Laws of Heredity, based on his work with
peas, mostly unnoticed until nearly 1900.
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
1900Thomas Hunt Morgan’s work on eye color in
fruit flies reveals the mechanism of mutation,
the source of genetic variation.
1942Systematics and the Origin of Species: Ernst
Mayr gives examples of geographic isolation
and how it leads to speciation.
1953Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and James
Watson discover the structure of DNA.
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Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 4.2
Complete Whale Fossil Chart
O
B, D
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
T
A
K
M
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Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 5.1
Whale Evolutionary Tree
toothed and baleen whales
(including O)
Modern
Miocene (25 mya)
Oligocene
basilosaurs (B)
protocetids (T)
remingtonocetids
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
pakicetids (K)
Eocene
mesonychids (M)
Paleocene (65 mya)
paraxonians (hoofed land mammals)
Key: Horizontal line (T) indicates that these are no known descendents of these fossils.
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Figure: 3456EvoTG 05_09Trans
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 7.1
Eukarya
Plantae
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fagales
Fagaceae
Quercus
Quercus rubra
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Mus musculus
Mus
(­superfamily, Muroidea;­
subfamily, Murinae)
Muridae
Rodentia
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
Mouse
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
Northern
red oak tree
Level
Taxonomy
DRAFT
Carnivora
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
House cat
Escherichia coli
Escherichia
Felis domesticus
Felis
Enterobacteriaceae Felidae
Enterobacteriales
Gamma
Proteobacteria
Proteobacteria
Eubacteria
Bacteria
E. coli
Homo sapiens
Homo
Hominidae
Primates
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
Human
Pan troglodytes
Pan
Hominidae
Primates
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
Chimpanzee
Vertebrate Forelimbs
humerus
humerus
radius
carpals
ulna
ulna
radius
humerus
carpals
fused
radius
and ulna
(radioulna)
carpals
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
pig
frog
whale
3456 SEPUP SGI Evolution TG
Figure: 3456EvoTG 07_07Trans
Agenda MedCond 9/9
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Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 7.2
Homology and Analogy
radius
humerus
ulna
carpals
humerus
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
radius
ulna
DRAFT
carpals
3456 SEPUP
SGI Evolution
TG Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 7.3
Science
& Global
Figure: 3456EvoTG 07_24Trans
Agenda MedCond 9/9
Vertebrate Tree
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
lamprey
3456 SEPUP SGI Evolution TG
Figure: 3456EvoTG 07_08Trans
Agenda MedCond 9/9
DRAFT
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 7.4
Hypotheses for Vertebrate Phylogeny
CLADE
lamprey
frog
bird
whale
pig
human
node 5
node 4
node 3
node 2
node 1
HYPOTHESIS 1
lamprey
frog
bird
pig
whale
human
lamprey
frog
bird
human
whale
pig
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
HYPOTHESIS 2
HYPOTHESIS 3
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Figure: 3456EvoTG 07_09Trans
Agenda MedCond 9/9
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Vertebrate Phylogeny
lamprey
frog
bird
human
whale
pig
double-pulley ankle
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
3456 SEPUP SGI Evolution TG
Figure: 3456EvoTG 08_04Trans
Agenda MedCond 9/9
DRAFT
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 8.1
Skull Measurements
4
angle of
forehead
2
angle of face
1
incisors
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
3
molars
3456 SEPUP SGI Evolution TG
Figure: 3456EvoTG 08_04Trans
Agenda MedCond 9/9
DRAFT
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 8.2
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
Mice in a Light Granite Environment
DRAFT
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 12.1
3456 SEPUP SGI Evolution TG
©2011 The Regents of the University of California
Mice in a Dark Lava Bed Environment
DRAFT
Science & Global Issues/EvolutionTRANSPARENCY 12.2
3456 SEPUP SGI Evolution TG