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Name: Period: Chapter 4 Packet Chem- Phys CH 4 VOCABULARY Nucleus – Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Proton – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Electron – Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Neutron – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Atomic Number – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Mass Number – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Isotopes – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Energy Levels – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Definition: Definition: Electron Cloud – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Orbital – Definition: Chapter.Section: _________ p# ________ Electron Configuration – Definition: Ground State – Definition: Chapter.Section: Chapter.Section: _________ _________ p# p# ________ ________ READING SHEET 4.1 studying atoms Name: Ancient Greek Models of Atoms The Greek philosopher Democritus • All matter is made up of • He called these particles means “ ” or “ • He thought there were The Greek philosopher Aristotle • Didn’t think there was a • He came up with Draw his model: Period: ________ from the Greek word atomos which ” Dalton’s Atomic Theory Evidence for Atoms • Dalton gathered evidence stating that the proposed the theory that all matter is • • All elements are • All atoms of the • • , and atoms of Compounds contain atoms of In a particular compound, atoms of different elements always Thomson’s Model of the Atom Thomson’s Experiments • Thomson did experiments using • He hypothesized that the glowing beam was charged particles and was able to make the beam Evidence for Subatomic Particles • Thomson’s experiments provided the that • Thomson then came up with the Rutherford’s Atomic Theory Rutherford’s Hypothesis • Rutherford hypothesized Gold Foil Experiment • Beam of Discovery of the Nucleus • According to Rutherford’s model, all of an atom’s • His mostly ANSWER the LEARNING GOALS •Describe ancient Greek models of matter. that atoms are •List the main points of Dalton’s atomic theory and describe his evidence for the existence of atoms. •Explain how Thomson and Rutherford used data from experiments to produce their atomic models. READING SHEET 4.2 the structure of an atom Properties of Subatomic Particles All matter is made up of Protons • Charge = • Located • Mass = Electrons • Charge = • Located • Mass = Neutrons • Charge = • Located • Mass = Comparing Subatomic Particles Protons, electrons, and neutrons can be distinguished Atomic Number and Mass Number Atomic Number • Atomic number of an element equals the • Atoms of different elements Atomic Mass • Atomic mass of an element is the Number of Neutrons = – Isotopes • Isotopes of an element have the • They have different • They will still have the ANSWER the LEARNING GOALS •Identify three subatomic particles and compare their properties. •Distinguish the atomic number of an element from the mass number of an isotope, and use these numbers to describe the structure of atoms. •What is the difference between two isotopes of the same element? READING SHEET 4.3 modern atomic theory History of atomic models Draw them: Bohr’s Model of the Atom Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962) • Energy Levels – • An electron in an atom can move from one include: • – – Electron Cloud Model Electron cloud – is a visual model of the Scientists use the electron cloud model to describe Atomic Orbitals Orbitals are the • An electron cloud is a behave in their orbitals Electron Configurations Electron configuration - the arrangement of • The most stable electron configuration is the one in which the electrons are Ground State – when all of the ANSWER the LEARNING GOALS •Describe Bohr’s model of atom and the evidence for energy levels. •Explain how the electron cloud model represents the behavior and locations of electrons in atoms. •Distinguish the ground state from excited states of an atom based on electron configurations? CH. 4 STUDY GUIDE Section 1 • • • ___________________ proposed a theory that all matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided. ___________________’s experiments provided the first evidence that atoms are made o even smaller particles. According to ___________________’s model, all of the atom’s positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus. Section 2 § § § § ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________ are subatomic particles. Protons, electrons, and neutrons can be distinguished by ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________ in the atom. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of ___________________. Isotopes of an element have the same numbers of ___________________ but different numbers of ___________________. Section 3 • • • • An electron in an atom can move from one ___________________ to another when the atom ___________________ or ___________________ energy. Scientists use the ______________________ model to describe the possible location of atoms around the nucleus. An electron cloud is a good ___________________ of how ___________________ behave in their orbitals. The most stable electron configuration is the one in which the electrons are in orbitals wit the ___________________ energies. Particle Location Proton Electron Relative charge Relative mass 1/1836 Neutron How to find protons = How to find electrons = Mass number = How to find neutrons = Use the periodic table in your book (back cover) to fill out the rest of this table. Element Name Atomic # # of p+ Helium 4 # of e- Mass # 2 4 2 4 19 17 39 35 35 Gold Fermium Hydrogen 79 92 Magnesium 45 197 257 1 238 24 53 0 74 61 Xenon # of n0 145 77