Download Chapter 4 Packet Chem

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Chapter 4 Packet
Chem- Phys
CH 4 VOCABULARY
Nucleus –
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Proton –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Electron –
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Neutron –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Atomic Number –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Mass Number –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Isotopes –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Energy Levels –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
________
Definition:
Definition:
Electron Cloud –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
_________
p#
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Orbital –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
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p#
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Electron Configuration –
Definition:
Ground State –
Definition:
Chapter.Section:
Chapter.Section:
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p#
p#
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READING SHEET 4.1
studying atoms
Name:
Ancient Greek Models of Atoms
The Greek philosopher Democritus
• All matter is made up of
• He called these particles
means “
” or “
• He thought there were
The Greek philosopher Aristotle
• Didn’t think there was a
• He came up with
Draw his model:
Period: ________
from the Greek word atomos which
”
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Evidence for Atoms
• Dalton gathered evidence stating that the
proposed the theory that all matter is
•
• All elements are
• All atoms of the
•
•
,
and atoms of
Compounds contain atoms of
In a particular compound, atoms of different elements always
Thomson’s Model of the Atom
Thomson’s Experiments
• Thomson did experiments using
• He hypothesized that the glowing beam was charged particles and was able to
make the beam
Evidence for Subatomic Particles
• Thomson’s experiments provided the
that
• Thomson then came up with the
Rutherford’s Atomic Theory
Rutherford’s Hypothesis
• Rutherford hypothesized
Gold Foil Experiment
• Beam of
Discovery of the Nucleus
• According to Rutherford’s model, all of an atom’s
• His
mostly
ANSWER the LEARNING GOALS
•Describe ancient Greek models of matter.
that atoms are
•List the main points of Dalton’s atomic theory and describe his evidence for the
existence of atoms.
•Explain how Thomson and Rutherford used data from experiments to produce their
atomic models.
READING SHEET 4.2
the structure of an atom
Properties of Subatomic Particles
All matter is made up of
Protons
• Charge =
• Located
• Mass =
Electrons
• Charge =
• Located
• Mass =
Neutrons
• Charge =
• Located
• Mass =
Comparing Subatomic Particles
Protons, electrons, and neutrons can be distinguished
Atomic Number and Mass Number
Atomic Number
• Atomic number of an element equals the
• Atoms of different elements
Atomic Mass
• Atomic mass of an element is the
Number of Neutrons =
–
Isotopes
• Isotopes of an element have the
• They have different
• They will still have the
ANSWER the LEARNING GOALS
•Identify three subatomic particles and compare their properties.
•Distinguish the atomic number of an element from the mass number of an isotope,
and use these numbers to describe the structure of atoms.
•What is the difference between two isotopes of the same element?
READING SHEET 4.3
modern atomic theory
History of atomic models Draw them:
Bohr’s Model of the Atom
Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962)
• Energy Levels –
• An electron in an atom can move from one
include:
•
–
–
Electron Cloud Model
Electron cloud – is a visual model of the
Scientists use the electron cloud model to describe
Atomic Orbitals
Orbitals are the
• An electron cloud is a
behave in their orbitals
Electron Configurations
Electron configuration - the arrangement of
• The most stable electron configuration is the one in which the electrons are
Ground State – when all of the
ANSWER the LEARNING GOALS
•Describe Bohr’s model of atom and the evidence for energy levels.
•Explain how the electron cloud model represents the behavior and locations of
electrons in atoms.
•Distinguish the ground state from excited states of an atom based on electron
configurations?
CH. 4 STUDY GUIDE
Section 1
•
•
•
___________________ proposed a theory that all matter is made up of individual
particles called atoms, which cannot be divided.
___________________’s experiments provided the first evidence that atoms are made o
even smaller particles.
According to ___________________’s model, all of the atom’s positive charge is
concentrated in the nucleus.
Section 2
§
§
§
§
___________________, ___________________, and ___________________ are
subatomic particles.
Protons, electrons, and neutrons can be distinguished by ___________________,
___________________, and ___________________ in the atom.
Atoms of different elements have different numbers of ___________________.
Isotopes of an element have the same numbers of ___________________ but different
numbers of ___________________.
Section 3
•
•
•
•
An electron in an atom can move from one ___________________ to another when the
atom ___________________ or ___________________ energy.
Scientists use the ______________________ model to describe the possible location of
atoms around the nucleus.
An electron cloud is a good ___________________ of how ___________________
behave in their orbitals.
The most stable electron configuration is the one in which the electrons are in orbitals wit
the ___________________ energies.
Particle
Location
Proton
Electron
Relative charge
Relative mass
1/1836
Neutron
How to find protons =
How to find electrons =
Mass number =
How to find neutrons =
Use the periodic table in your book (back cover) to fill out the rest of this table.
Element Name
Atomic # # of p+
Helium
4
# of e-
Mass #
2
4
2
4
19
17
39
35
35
Gold
Fermium
Hydrogen
79
92
Magnesium
45
197
257
1
238
24
53
0
74
61
Xenon
# of n0
145
77