Download LEVEL II THE PARTS OF A SENTENCE How do the 8 kinds of

LEVEL II THE PARTS OF A SENTENCE
How do the 8 kinds of words work together? Usually the noun,
pronoun, and adjective say what we are talking about and the verb,
adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection help say something
about it.
In grammar, this whole idea is called a SENTENCE. The word sentence
comes from the Latin sententia , meaning “way of thinking” or
opinion.
Every sentence has 2 parts:
1. What it is about - the SUBJECT
2. What we say about the subject - the PREDICATE
***These 2 parts must make a complete thought, or else it is a
SENTENCE FRAGMENT! *** ( A group of words that is an incomplete
sentence or just part of a sentence.)
You remember that THE NOUN AND THE VERB are the 2 MAIN PARTS
OF SPEECH. Now we see these two parts of speech in a new way. In
a SENTENCE, the NOUN (or its pronoun) becomes the basis of the
SUBJECT and the VERB becomes the basis of the PREDICATE.
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mr. Jones
is the owner of the shop.
The blue cab
stopped at the light.
 The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.
 The predicate tells something about the subject.
 Always identify the predicate first and then ask yourself who or
what to identify the subject.
1. SIMPLE SUBJECTS AND SIMPLE PREDICATES
 The simple subject is a noun or pronoun that answers the
question Who? Or What? about the sentence.
 The simple predicate is the verb that expresses the action done
by or to the subject, or tells what the condition of the subject is.
Examples:
Red = simple subject
Blue = simple predicate
The owner of the land had never returned.
These flowers bloom late in the fall.
Several of the new inventions were very clever.
The rain stopped in the afternoon.
Colonial women cooked in a fireplace.
2. COMPLETE SUBJECTS AND COMPLETE PREDICATES
 The complete subject of a sentence is the simple subject and
the words related to it.
 The complete predicate is the verb and the words related to it.
 Every word in the sentence either is part of the complete subject
or the complete predicate.
 A slash appears between the complete subject and the complete
predicate.
Examples:
Red = complete subject
Blue = complete predicate
The shipwrecked sailors / lived in a cave.
Several students in our class / entered the poster contest.
Michelle / won first prize.
An unidentified aircraft / approached the airport.
The guests in the dining room / looked suspicious.
The dog in the manger / kept the cows away.
3. COMPOUND SUBJECTS AND COMPOUND PREDICATES
 A compound subject is two or more simple subjects that
are related to the same verb.
 A compound predicate is two or more verbs that are
related to the same subject.
Examples:
Red = compound subject Blue = compound predicate
Trolls and ogres are fairylike creatures.
The big dog lay down and rolled over.
Sheila or Paula will take the message.
Most students walk or ride their bikes to school.
An apple or banana makes a healthy snack.
The speedboat capsized and sank.
4. HARD-to-FIND SUBJECTS
 The subject of a command or request (in an IMPERATIVE
SENTENCE) is UNDERSTOOD to be the word YOU.
 The subject in questions ( in INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES)
follows the verb or is located between a helping verb and the
main verb.
 The words there and here are NEVER subjects.
Examples:
COMMANDS OR REQUESTS HOW the SENTENCES ARE UNDERSTOOD
Listen!
You listen!
Turn to page 24.
You turn to page 24.
Mike, please fasten your seatbelt.
seatbelt.
Mike, you please fasten your
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS CHANGED TO STATEMENTS
Is it bigger than a house?
It is bigger than a house.
Has the play started?
The play has started.
When are they leaving?
They are leaving when.
SENTENCES WITH THERE OR HERE REWORDED WITH SUBJECT FIRST
There goes the champ.
The champ goes there.
Here are the tickets.
The tickets are here.
There is a fly in my soup.
A fly is in my soup.
There are monkeys in the trees. Monkeys are in the trees.
5. OBJECT COMPLEMENTS follow action verbs and answer the
questions who or what or to whom/for whom/to what/for
what about the verb.
There are two types of object
complements: direct objects and indirect objects.
 A direct object (DO) is a noun or pronoun that follows an
action verb and receives the action of the verb.
 An indirect object (IO) answers the questions who or what
about the verb.
 An indirect object (IO) is a noun or pronoun usually
located between an action verb and a direct object. It
identifies the person or thing something is given to or done
for.
 A sentence may have a direct object (DO) and not have an
indirect object (IO).
 A sentence may not have an indirect object (IO) unless
there is also a direct object (DO).
 Object complements may be compound.
Examples:
Red = subject
Blue = action verb predicate (AVP)
Green = direct object
Purple = indirect object
SENTENCES WITH DIRECT OBJECTS
The first baseman dropped the ball.
Sam collects stamps and coins.
The candidate gave a rousing speech.
The mechanic tested the brakes and oil.
SENTENCES WITH INDIRECT OBJECTS
Supporters gave the candidate a warm welcome.
The judges assigned each finalist a number.
The paramedic gave the exhausted runner first aid.
The owner offered Carla a reward.
6. SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS follow linking verbs and rename,
identify or describe the subject. There are two types of subject
complements:
predicate nouns (also called predicate
nominatives) and predicate adjectives.
 A predicate noun follows a linking verb and renames or
identifies the subject.
 A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and modifies
or describes the subject.
 Subject complements may be compound.
 Subject complements COMPLETE THE MEANING begun by
the subject and linking verb.
Examples:
Red = subject
Blue = linking verb predicate (LVP)
Green = predicate noun/nominative Purple = predicate adjective
Wendy became a star overnight.
The horse car was a forerunner of the streetcar.
The co-captains are Laura and Betsy.
The turtle is a kind of reptile.
Julie will be our next president.
O’Bama is our President.
The price seems high.
The crowd in the theater remained calm.
The pages of the old book were faded and dusty.
The footbridge looked unsafe.
The new law is unfair to dogs.
Pope Francis is compassionate.