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Assessment
Chapter Test B
Bacteria and Viruses
USING KEY TERMS
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term
may be used only once. Some terms may not be used.
antiviral
antibiotic
binary fission
endospore
pathogenic
prokaryote
bioremediation
viruses
lytic cycle
1. A thick-walled protective spore that contains genetic material and proteins is
a(n)
. VIRs1
2. A biological treatment in which bacteria are used to clean up hazardous
wastes and oil spills is
. VIRs2
3. A medicine used to kill bacteria is a(n)
4. Disease-causing bacteria are called
. VIRs2
bacteria. VIRs2
5. Organisms that can only reproduce within a host’s cells are
. VIRs3
6. A type of medicine that stops viruses from reproducing is a(n)
. VIRs3
UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.
______ 7. Which of the following is NOT a common shape of bacteria? VIRs1
a. spirilla
b. cocci
c. bacilli
d. crystal
______ 8. A cell with no nucleus is called a(n) VIRs1
a. prokaryote.
b. endospore.
c. host.
d. eukaryote.
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Chapter Test B continued
______ 9. The genetic material of the virus is inactive within the host cell during
a. the lysogenic cycle. VIRs3
b. bioremediation.
c. binary fission.
d. the lactic cycle.
______10. Which of the following is NOT a common shape of viruses? VIRs3
a. crystal
b. cocci
c. cylinder
d. sphere
______11. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about binary fission?
a. The cell’s DNA is copied before cell division.
VIRs1
b. As the cell grows, the loops of DNA become separated.
c. The DNA and its copy attach to the inside of the cell membrane.
d. The new bacterium is genetically different from the parent bacterium.
______12. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about viruses? VIRs3
a. Viruses do not have cytoplasm.
b. Viruses obtain nutrients from their hosts’ cells.
c. Viruses contain genetic material.
d. Viruses cannot live on their own.
13. Explain how the first plant cell could have evolved with the help of bacteria.
VIRs1
14. Describe three ways that bacteria are helpful. VIRs2
15. Explain how the lysogenic cycle differs from the lytic cycle. VIRs3
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CRITICAL THINKING
16. What technological advances have triggered the spread of viruses? Explain
your answer. VIRs3
17. Hypothesize why antibiotics can kill bacteria but do not kill viruses. VIRs3
18. If you were a scientist, would you prefer to work with helpful bacteria or
harmful bacteria? Explain your answer. VIRs2
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Chapter Test B continued
CONCEPT MAPPING
19. Use the following terms to complete the concept map below: VIRs1
decomposers
consumers
ocean vents
swamps
Dead Sea
heat lovers
methane makers
dead organisms
food they make
Bacteria
include
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
a.
b.
found in
c.
salt lovers
found in
d.
found in
e.
f.
producers
which eat
which eat
h.
i.
g.
which eat
other organisms
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Print RESOURCE PAGE
TEACHER
SECTION: VIRUSES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
H
J
D
I
B
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
14. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
A
F
E
C
G
Chapter Test A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
C
D
B
D
A
A
B
C
B
B
D
A
C
14.
15.
16.
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18.
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23.
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25.
C
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B
F
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A
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15.
16.
Chapter Test B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
endospore
bioremediation
antibiotic
pathogenic
viruses
antiviral
D
A
A
B
D
B
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
The first plant cell could have evolved
from bacteria similar to cyanobacteria
living inside large cells. Cyanobacteria
are bacteria that contain chlorophyll,
which is used to produce food through
photosynthesis. The bacteria could
make food while the cell provided the
bacteria with an environment in which
to live. Eventually, this combination
may have allowed cells to produce food,
giving rise to the first plants on Earth.
17.
18.
19.
Decomposers break down nutrients
and make them available to all living
things. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
consume nitrogen from the air and
break it down into a form that can be
used by plants. Some bacteria are used
to produce antibiotics. Antibiotics kill
bacteria and other microorganisms
that cause diseases.
Answers will vary. Sample answer: In
the lytic cycle, the virus enters a cell
and injects it with its genetic material.
The virus’s genes reproduce and break
out of the cell, killing it. In the
lysogenic cycle, the virus puts its
genes in a cell, but the genes don’t
reproduce right away. They stay
inactive. Once they reproduce, they
begin the lytic cycle.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Technological advances in
transportation have triggered the
spread of viruses. Airplanes, trains,
and cars have allowed viruses to travel
in their human hosts, thereby
spreading infections to new locations.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Bacteria can feed on a cell’s nutrients
and viruses cannot. Perhaps an
antibiotic makes it impossible for
bacteria to eat, and so they die.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
I would prefer to work with helpful
bacteria, doing things such as cleaning
up oil spills or other pollution; or I
would prefer working with pathogenic
bacteria and finding ways to kill them
and cure diseases.
a. heat lovers
b. methane makers
c. ocean vents
d. swamps
e. Dead Sea
f. decomposers
g. consumers
h. dead organisms
i. food they make
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