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-- '. ~ ~:-;r-,-, ,,-,,' ~ "",,'-'-*'------ - --- --,--, ---- '--- ; I, I II !I'1Ij SEED SENSE ida1lo Botanica41 Ga~rd€J:il II :1 ;1 !I & the WO!Fld[sYour Cartien Pro~\@ot I I" i , ,- ~ ! 'H1\.¥E",.'..FUN/" I I, , !lli II I, I 'Instructiona1 Object.ive: StNdents will' develop an awa>relilessof seeds and reaiHzet:heir .im,p@rtance,in our environmemt. I ,i 'I ,I' Ii ,~ I i, .: '"Ii i 'I i "Ii,.I ,IS ---,-- .- 'I: I'L II - _.""""'-'~ -- --- ~'o:'ib---~ - ---"'---- ,/,,~._. ....- JJ ~ A seed is a paokage (seed coat) cOFlta>i,ninga baby plant (embryo) and a food s1!lpply (endosperm). Eac!:l student wiM dissect a seed to see t!:lese stmctures during the garden tour. There aI1etwo classes of seed plants. The gymnosperms, suc!:l as t!:lepine, pnvduce ",naked seeds",that kave no outer cove.r1ng. TIDeangiosperms, such as the apple, !:lave a protective covering around the seed called a fruit. Students w<illsee examples Gf bot!:l gyn'l.lI1<osperms(coIl<Hers)and angiosperms (flowering plants) dluing the garden tour. The .rnissiOffi:of a seed is to grow iFl,toa mat1.>1!re pl'ant tha~tproduces more seeds. To grGJW,a seed needsmoishlre, air, warM1.t;haJ}d sometimes light!'. W!:len t!:le,embryo inside the seed begins to grow, bFleseed coat splits and germination occurs. Germi\!1ation may occur after a long or s!:lort sleeping period (dormancy). An embryonic root appears and grows dmvnward into t!:le soil to 'become t!:le primary root, the main root or the plaill1t. Soon a growing shoot appears, aJioldits ste-IDand other l~eaves, called true leaves, deve10p upward. The young shoob and its leaves continHe to grow into a ~mature planl, a process that rnay take a few weeks or many years. Vis'persal occUtrswmen a seed travels away from itsrarent plant into the environment. D,ispersal may 'be a few inc!:les or many miles. Advantages of dispersal include lessening plant crowding and allowing plants to !:lavea wide chstribution. J;fsomething in one area killisaN of' the plants of that .type, ubhers t!:lait!:lavetraveled away trom t!:learea will survive. Because of their concentrated food supply of starch, fat and/ or protein, seeds are a favorite food of lilany animals including man. T!:lese are some examples of seeds we eat: w!:leat, rice, corn, walnuts, 'beans, peanuts, coffee, cocoa, nutmeg and othe'¥ spices. SoybeaLls aire rich in oil and protein while brna beans contaiN starch and proteiIil.. ~--==...",--- ~:fIJ3~~?f:;;; .~ "","c. SEED TRIVIA . The largest seed in the world, the coconut, is a long-distance Coconuts have been known to float in the ocean for thousands germinate in a distant land. traveler. of miles, to . Some seeds need fire to be released from their cone. One seed found in Idaho will only germinate after a fire rages over it. It is the seed of a tall, slender pine tree, the lodgepole pine. . The oldest seeds found are believed to be between 10,000 and 15,000 years old. The seeds of the Arctic Lupine were found frozen in the Yukon in 1954. . The smallest seeds are those found in orchids. Four million dustlike seeds have been counted in a single fruit. . Early settlers used the "fuzz" of the cattail for bedding. insulation against cold, stuffed into boots. . Cocklebur seeds found within burs are edible. cocklebur seeds in their diet. . It can be used as Indians included Chocolate is made from the seeds of a cacao, a tropical fruit. . Over half a million tons of peanut seeds are used to make peanut butter each year. . Seeds from certain pine trees are delicious nuts in specialty cookies. 1 Botanical garden: a place where plants are collected and displayed for scientific, educational and artistic purposes. Botany: the study of plants. Seed: a fertilized plant egg containing a baby plant and its food supply (a little plant in a box with its lunch). Seed coat: the outer layer of the seed. Embryo: the baby plant within the seed, before germination. Endosperm: tissue of the seed containing stored food, found only in flowering seed plants. Gymnosperm: a seed plant producing seeds that have no outer covering. Angiosperm: a seed plant producing seeds that have an outer covering called a fruit. Fruit: in angiosperms, the part of the plant containing the seeds. Germination: the beginning of growth of the plant embryo from the seed. Dormancy: a condition of st9Pped growth, sometimes called a resting stage, of seeds and buds. Primary root: the main root of a plant formed from the root tip of the embryo. Cotyledon: the seed leaf, or first leaf of the embryo. Growing shoot: the main above-ground portions, such as the stem and leaves, of a young plant. Leaf: a plant part that receives light and uses it to produce food for the plant. Dispersal: movement Environment: of seeds or fruits away from the parent plant. the surroundings of a living thing, including the plants and animals with which it lives. Flower: the reproductive parts of a seed-bearing plant, busy workshops that make the plant's seeds. Among the functions of a flower are attraction of pollinating insects, production of pollen, and production of seeds. Dr. Christopher Davidson: founder of the Idaho Botanical Garden, with a doctorate in botany. . . THESE ACTIVITIES ARE SUGGESTED FOR USE BEFORE THE TOUR SEED ART Create a name tag to wear on your tour of the Idaho Botanical Garden. Your tour guide will need to know who you are. Cut a piece of index paper (file card stock) measuring approximately four inches by three inches. Cut out one of the pictures below showi~g a fruit containing its seeds. Color the fruit and seeds different colors. Paste the colored picture to your name tag, leaving room for your first name. Write your first name on the name tag. Use a safety pin to pin on your name tag just before you leave school to go to the Garden. 3 SEED WORD SEARCH Circle the key terms. Find them by reading forward, up, down, or diagonally. X H L A T R L F Y Z B D I S P E R S A L K P S L A Q 0 E 0 E G E R F R U WAOQY F C I U E R I S N J Y L E D C V H N M A M' M I I T N A T N B F 0 W L U T D C R A 0 E A T S P L M N Y E Y 0 B 0 A T L I P I OMDMY D T C F E The tern1S: Seed Seed Coa t Embryo Gern1ina te Cotyledon E H F N J G D M P 0 P N S R X P WA E Z I R B C T G D 0 Endosperm Dispersal Botany Leaf Fruit :~~~ 4 . .SEEDPLANTINGACTIVITIES Line the entire inside of a clear plastic cup with paper towels. Moisten the towels. Fill the cup with soil, sand or gravel to keep the towels next to the plastic. Slide seeds between the paper towels and the inside of the cup. Keep the towels moist, but not soggy. Place in a dark cupboard. Periodically take out cup to see the sprouting seeds. Discover seeds in a variety of fruits and vegetables. Plant some of these in potting soil mix to see if they will grow. Place in a sunny window, keep soil moist. Examples: apple, avocado, bean, com, peanut, pear, plum, olive, pea, peach, sunflower seed, tomato. Plant seeds in potting soil mix that has graduated amounts of fertilizer, increasing it until you have one with enougli to "bum" the plants. Be sure to plant enough seeds to eliminate the possibility of faulty ones. Plant seeds in different types of soil- some in sand, pumice, alkaline, etc. See what happens. . Plant seeds in potting soil mix that is very loose, tightly compacted, and in soil that feels about right. Note the characteristics in growth of the plants in the different soils. Place seeds in water only. Include a variety such as beans, ivy, avocado, com. What happens? What if you just leave them in the water? Will they grow? Add several kinds of pollutants to the water used for the seeds, such as: bleach, soap, colorings, vinegar, salt, and so forth. What happens? Most plants produce an abundance of seeds, but only a few grow into adult plants. Even fewer seeds would mature if they weren't dispersed away from the parent plant. Here's an activity that will show you how some of the plants in your area disperse their seeds. You'll need a clean, old sock (the fuzzier the better), a pot of potting soil mix (sterile), and a field full of weeds. Wear, or drag, the sock through the weeds in the field. If you use one of your parent's old socks, you might be able to wear it over your shoes. Plant the sock in the pot just like it's a seed. Water it regularly. Soon you'll have a weed garden. you collect in your sock? How many different kinds of seeds did This activity was adapted frorn the "Seed Dispersal" unit developed by the Outdoor Biology Instructional Strategies (OBIS) Project. OBIS offers. educational activities designed especially for community and sc~ool groups in a variety of outdoor settings. 6 THESE A~TIVIT1IES ARE SUGGESTED FOR USE AFTER THE TOUR SEED AND SEEDLING PARTS Here are several drawings of seeds and seedlings. Study the following parts: Seed coat Cotyledon Growing shoot Stern True leaf Embryo Endosperm Primary root Tru ' ~~ ~ ..~. . Seed () . " . , Coat Cotyledons " . ,\. Embryo ' '..~ '~" '\ . . it::.:,'... ~ ;,.. . . 1 . ..t,.;~.! '. . . I I ~ 1 " .-:'~~::, ; r iJ ' ' \'. ~ . ',:'; . L',j II \1 I Cotyledon Seed Coat Bean " 0 Endosperm _Stem Growing Shoot Corn 7 SEEDS W.E EAT. A grocery store is full of seeds people eat. Seeds can be found in the section where spices are displayed and where vegetables are kept. In addition, a grocery store stocks foods that are made from seeds. Ask your mom or dad to take you to the grocery store for a seed search. Make a list of the seeds you found. Teacher: Please see answer sheet at end of packet. SEEDS ANIMALS EAT Animals also like to eat seeds. Make a list of animals that eat seeds and the seeds they like to eat. Animal Teacher: Please see answer sheet at end of packet. Seed \8 SEED STORY OR POEM Pretend you are a bur, which is a seed in a fruit with hooks, spines, hairs, or sticky covering. Tell the story of your travels after you became stuck on a bear, dog, cat, rabbit or other animal. Draw a picture to go with your story. ~ ~ . SEED MATH How many seeds does one dandelion flower produce? Find dandelion flowers that have gone to seed. They are white and fluffy. Collect 10, preserving all the se~ds by putting a small plastic bag over the flower and grasping the bag around the flower stem before removing the dandelion. Ask a classmate to 1;lelpyou count the fruits (or seeds) on each of the 10 dandelions. One fruit is a seed with its parachute, so the number of fruits will equal ~he number of seeds. Find the average number of seeds per flower. = Average number of seeds per flower .. ..:{ "f~:~1. 'c Total seeds on 10 flowers 10 flowers ~. ',. \ . ., .~..,~ :.~:,'" ~"'., . 'I' '\- :~!;t \~ SEED RESEARCH AND REPORT Cultivated bananas produce no seeds. Write a report explaining how bananas are raised. SEED TRAVEL GUIDE Purpose: To see how far seeds travel. (One fruit is a seed with its wings or parachutes, so the number of fruits will equal the number of seeds.) Materials: tape measure winged tree seeds: maple or ash (helicopter seed) chair fluffy dandelion tops (parachute seed) Procedure for Helicopter Seed Experiment: 1. Stand on a chair and throw a winged seed in the air. 2. Measure the distance the seed traveled. 3. Record your data: 4. Throw another seed in the air and measure the distance it traveled. Record your data: 5. Which seed traveled the farthest? 6. Break the wing off a seed and throw it in the air. How far does a seed travel after the wing is broken off? Procedure for Parachute Seed Experiment: 1. Blow on the top of a dandelion fluff. 2. Measure how far the seeds traveled. 3. Record your data: 4. Wet a fluffy dandelion top. 5. Blow on the wet top. 6. How far did the seeds travel? 7. When dandelion seeds are scattering, what kind of weather would be best? 8. Pretend that you are a seed. Describe how you will travel awayfroIn .your parent plant? Conclusion (What did we do and why?): 1 FILMS, KITS AND BOOKS The following materials are available to Boise schoolteachers from the Instructional Media Center, Boise Schools: and may be checked out KEY P = primary E =elementary J =juniorhigh S = senior high FILMS PE MP 1379 Plants that Grow from Leaves, Stems and Roots (also available in videotape) PE MP 5194 Plant Through the Seasons: Apple Tree PEJ MP 1329 What Do Flowers Do: A First Film PEJ MP 1307 Plants and Their Importance PEJS MP 5604 Secrets of the Plant World PEJS MP 9159 Nature's Half Acres (also available in videotape) E MP 1165 Plants Make Food P S 53-01 Plants (Singer) P S92 Ways of I'lants PE S86 Plant Kingdom Classification Set EJ S 125 Interrelationships EJS S 107 Talking Flower KITS in Nature The following books are available from the Boise Public Library: KEY . BOOKS E =3rd grade and under J = 4th-6th grade AD = Adult R = Reference NW = Northwest Dewey # Author Title E Fic Ginsberg MU5hroom in the Rain E Fie Hutchins, Pat Titch E Fie Lobel, Ani ta The Rose in My Garden E Fie Rylant, Cynthia This YeaJ's Garden Dewey # E 582 Author Title KirkpatTick, Rena Look at Seeds and Weeds E 586 Challand, Helen- Plants Withou t Seeds J Alexander, Taylor Botan)': Hutchins, Ross The Amazing. Seeds Went, Frits The Plants Selsam, Millicent Eat the FruitLPlant the Seed Lauber, Patricia Seeds. Pop. Stick. Glide Johnson, Sylvia Mosses J Pringle, Laurence Being.a Plant J Rahn, Joan Elrna Grocery Store Botany Selsam, Millicent The Tomato and Other Fruit V~etables Dowden, Anne O. Wild Green Things in the City Lauber, PatTicia From FJower to Flower: Animals and Pollination Coldrey, Jennifer Discovering Flowering Plants Overbeck, Cynthia Sunflowers Selsam, Millicent Bulbs. Corms andSuch AD 581 Novak, F.A. Pictorial Encyclopedia of Plants and FJowers AD 581.61 Simpson, Belyl Economic Botany: Plants in OurWorld AD 581.07 Harrington, H.D. How To Identif)': Plants AD NW 581.9 Davis, Ray Flora Qf Idaho AD 582.063 TuB, Delena A Practical Guide to Edible & Useful Plants AD R 581.03 Chinery, Michael Science Dictionary of thePlant World AD R 580.321 Tootill, Elizabeth Facts on File Dktionary of Botany 581 J 581 Hutchins J 581 Went J 635.6 J 582 J 588.2 581 581 J 581 J 582 J 582.0166 J 582.13 J 583.55 J 584.2 1 2 '" - -ANSWERS .~ Key for "Seed Word Search" activity: L D I S P A E R S E A L G F F E E R N A T N B 0 T D ' A E N L M Y Y B D C 0 A T 0 C R MI U I T E N D 0 S P E R M Y 0 Example of possible answers to "Seeds We Eat" activity: corn, wheat, oat, pea, bean, sesame, poppy, caraway, coconut, walnut, peanut, nutmeg, coffee, cocoa, sunflower, rye, rice, mustard Example of possible answers to "Seeds Animals Eat" activity: bird/sunflower . .. . seed, horse/corn, . . .. insect/oat, squirrel/acorn .. ... ........ Instructional Committee: JoyceAllen, Carol Coate, Ann Harrigan, John Schultz, and RickVeatch Editors: Dr. Christopher Davidson, Dr. Claude A. Hanson, and Sally Trott Designer: Sally Trott SEED SENSE A collaboration between the Idaho Botanical Garden and the Boise. Independent School District 2355Old Penitentiary Road. Idaho BotanicalGarden P. O. Box2140 . Boise,Idaho 83712 . (208)343-8649