Download Conceptual Physics Semester 1 Review

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Conceptual Physics Semester 1 Review To prepare for your midterm exam, you should review the topics listed below. Additionally, you should review your notes, classwork/homework and old tests. Motion • Know that speed is a measurement of the distance an object covers in a certain amount of time • Be able to explain the difference between instantaneous speed and average speed • Be able to calculate average speed, distance traveled or time of travel using the speed equation and have correct units on the result • Know that any change in velocity means that an object is accelerating • Know that acceleration is a measurement of how quickly an object changes its velocity • Be able to calculate the acceleration, change in speed, or time of acceleration of an object using the acceleration equation • Be able to figure out how far an object travels while it is accelerating (using equation or based on its average speed) • Know that all objects on the Earth (or any other planet) accelerate downward under the influence of gravity • Know that objects that fall without significant air resistance and under the influence of only gravity are said to be in free fall 2
• Know that the acceleration of a free falling object on the Earth’s surface is 9.8 m/s Key Terms Relative, speed, instantaneous speed, average speed, velocity, acceleration, free fall, elapsed time Vectors & Projectile Motion • Know that a projectile is any object that is launched and then moves with gravity as the only force affecting its motion • Be able to give some examples of objects that are projectiles • Know that the path of the projectile is called its trajectory and the horizontal distance it lands from where it was launched is its range • Given two vectors, know that the maximum resultant vector happens when they are parallel (pointing in the same direction) and the minimum resultant vector when they are antiparallel (pointing in opposite direction) Key Terms Components, projectile, resolution, resultant, resolving a vector Forces & Newton’s Laws of Motion • Be able to state Newton's 1st Law in some way • Know how mass is related to inertia • Be able to explain how inertia affects the motion of any object (what will it tend to do because of inertia?) •
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Be able to explain the difference between the mass, weight and volume of an object using Be able to identify the forces acting on an object Know that forces working in the same direction add and forces working in opposite directions cancel Name Hour
• Be able to find the net force on an object based on the individual forces acting on the object •
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Know how net force is related to an object's acceleration Be able to solve problems involving force, mass, and acceleration Know that forces always come in pairs (often called action force and reaction force) Know that the object that receives the force is the only object that is affected by the force Know that action and reaction forces are the same magnitude but point in opposite directions Be able to give the reaction force for any action force Key Terms Force, net force, vector, vector quantity, scalar quantity, mechanical equilibrium, equilibrium rule, support force, resultant, Friction, inertia, Newton’s first law, law of inertia, kilogram, mass, weight, newton, Inversely, Newton’s second Law, fluid, air resistance, free‐body diagram, pressure, pascal, terminal speed, terminal velocity, Interaction, Newton’s third law, action force, reaction force Work & Energy • Know the definition of work – Work = Force x Distance • Be able to recognize situations where work is being done • Be able calculate the work done in a given situation • Know the definition of energy – Energy is the ability to do work • Be able to identify objects that have potential energy or kinetic energy • Be able to calculate the gravitational potential energy of a particular object – GPE = mgh • Know how changing an object's mass or height will affect GPE 2 • Be able to calculate the kinetic energy of a given object at a given speed ‐ KE = (½) m s (one half mass times speed squared) • Know how changing an object's mass or velocity will affect KE • Be able to state the Law of Conservation of Energy in your own words Key Terms Momentum, impulse, law of conservation of momentum, elastic collision, inelastic collision, Work, joule, power, watt, energy, mechanical energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, work‐energy theorem, law of conservation of energy, machine, lever, fulcrum, mechanical advantage, pulley, efficiency, fuel cell Circular Motion • Know the definition of uniform circular motion • Distinguish between rotation and revolution and describe and contrast the two speeds of an object like the Earth •
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Define and describe rotation. Define and describe revolution. Describe rotational speed/angular speed in contrast to linear/tangential speed. Describe the motion and speeds represented on a merry go round. Define and describe torque. Define and describe rotational inertia. Describe the rotational inertia one experiences when sitting in a rotating chair holding hand weights. Describe apparent weightlessness and what you can witness using a scale in an elevator Key Terms Rotation, revolution, rotational/angular speed, linear/tangential speed, torque, rotational inertia, apparent weightlessness