* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Investigating Energy - Trinity Christian School
Kinetic energy wikipedia , lookup
William Flynn Martin wikipedia , lookup
Open energy system models wikipedia , lookup
Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment wikipedia , lookup
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program wikipedia , lookup
Energy storage wikipedia , lookup
Regenerative brake wikipedia , lookup
100% renewable energy wikipedia , lookup
Energy subsidies wikipedia , lookup
Energy Charter Treaty wikipedia , lookup
Zero-energy building wikipedia , lookup
World energy consumption wikipedia , lookup
Internal energy wikipedia , lookup
International Energy Agency wikipedia , lookup
Energy returned on energy invested wikipedia , lookup
Low-carbon economy wikipedia , lookup
Energy efficiency in transport wikipedia , lookup
Energy harvesting wikipedia , lookup
Alternative energy wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of Australia wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of the United Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of Finland wikipedia , lookup
Conservation of energy wikipedia , lookup
Negawatt power wikipedia , lookup
Distributed generation wikipedia , lookup
Energy policy of the European Union wikipedia , lookup
Environmental impact of electricity generation wikipedia , lookup
Energy efficiency in British housing wikipedia , lookup
Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources wikipedia , lookup
United States energy law wikipedia , lookup
Energy in the United Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 wikipedia , lookup
Investigating Energy Unit 4 I. What Are the Different Forms of Energy? (Lesson 1) A. Definition of Energy: the ability to cause change 1. God uses energy to cause: a. stars to shine b. water to flow over the Earth’s surface c. tiniest microorganisms to swim in a puddle B. Forms of Energy 1. Kinetic Energy: energy of motion a. rain falling b. flying bird c. thrown football d. you walking or wiggling 2. Potential Energy: (objects that aren’t moving can also have energy) energy of position or condition a. rock on a cliff i. it isn’t causing a change when it is on the cliff, but if it falls, it will be able to change objects below it. 3. Mechanical Energy: the sum of kinetic and potential energy a. moving bicycle b. hockey puck flying through the air -because of its motion (kinetic energy) and its potential motion due to its position above the ground (potential energy) 4. Light Energy: visible form of energy radiating from matter a. without light you would not be able to see anything b. you see objects only when light falls on them c. light energy travels in waves i. waves have different lengths ii. waves travel in straight lines through empty space iii. waves bend when they travel through substances such as glass or water d. light energy can travel in empty space e. living things depend on light energy from the sun (plants use for photosynthesis) 5. Sound Energy: in the form of vibrations that can be heard a. sound can only travel through matter such as air, water, or metal b. sound cannot travel through empty space c. sound waves need something to vibrate against 6. Chemical Energy: stored in bonds of the atoms and molecules of a substance a. depends on the arrangement of the atoms of the substance b. gasoline has more readily available energy than water because of the way molecules are arranged c. batteries and food also store chemical energy 7. Thermal Energy: (HEAT) the kinetic energy of moving particles a. faster moving particles feel warm b. slower moving particles feel cool c. The degree or measure of thermal energy in an object is called temperature d. e. f. When molecules collide, energy is always transferred from fastermoving molecules to slower-moving ones. HEAT flows or is transferred in three ways i. Through direct contact ii. Through space iii. In currents through fluids HEAT always flows from warmer objects to cooler objects until both are the same temperature 8. Nuclear Energy: energy that holds protons & neutrons inside an atom’s nucleus a. when atoms are split or joined, nuclear energy is released b. nuclear energy is the same kind of energy that supplies heat in the sun c. weapons and nuclear plants are based on this type of energy 9. Electrical Energy: energy of moving electrons a. Electrons move through wires to power our appliances b. Generated from many forms i. Burning oil or coal (chemical energy) ii. Wind power (kinetic energy) iii. Splitting atoms (nuclear energy) iv. Solar power (thermal energy) II. How Does Energy Change Form? A. Energy Conversion: the change of energy from one form to another 1. Exploding stars 2. Erupting volcano 3. Lighting a match 4. Drop of rain falling to the ground 5. Plant leaves convert sunlight into sugar which stores chemical energy. 6. When you play a video game, electrical energy is converted into light energy and sound energy. 7. The engine in your car converts the chemical energy of the gasoline into kinetic energy. B. The Law of Conservation of Energy 1. States that energy can’t be created or destroyed. 2. Although energy is never lost, it may be converted into a form that we cannot use. a. Rubbing your hands togetherchemical energy in your body is converted to movement, but some of the energy is changed to heat that you cannot use. b. A car engine is hot after it runs for awhile because much of the energy being converted from the gasoline is lost as heat. 3. Whenever energy is converted, some of it is converted to heat. 4. Some systems convert energy with less heat loss a. Diesel engines lose 75% of their energy to heat b. Car engines lose 88% of their energy to heat C. James Watt 1. Born in Scotland in 1736 2. Sent to repair a steam engine 3. Developed a NEW steam engine a. Watt figured out how to make the steam engine turn wheels, run at different speeds, and do many other things. 4. The unit of power called the “watt” is named after him. III. What Are Our Sources of Energy? A. Nonrenewable Resource: a resource that can’t be replaced or can be replaced only over a long period of time 1. Fossil Fuels: fuel that formed over many years from the remains of living organisms a. From plants buried in mud, sand, and rock i. Energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy ii. To release this energy, we burn them iii. This burning causes pollution 2. Examples: a. Coal i. Coal pollutes the air more than petroleum or natural gas ii. Will last only 200 more years b. Petroleum (Oil) c. Natural Gas 3. Pollution from burning fossil fuels a. Acid Rain – kills plants and animals and makes water unsafe to drink or swim in b. Produces gases that rise into the atmosphere and trap heat, contributing to global warming 4. Nuclear Energy: very powerful source of energy a. Produced by splitting the nuclei of uranium atoms i. Atoms are split in a nuclear reactor ii. Neutrons shoot out and split other atoms, which release more energy. (Nuclear Fission) b. Nuclear Fission is used to generate electrical energy in nuclear power plants i. The heat produced by nuclear fission heats water to make steam, which turns a turbine to generate electrical energy. ii. Because the supply of uranium is limited, nuclear energy is also a nonrenewable resource. B. Renewable Resource: a resource that can be replaced through natural processes over a short period of time (God provides many renewable resources.) 1. Solar Energy: from the sun a. The sun heats the earth unevenly causing wind. 2. Wind a. Windmills i. Used to generate electricity ii. Used to pump water to fields or animals on farms 3. Water a. Falling water can produce electricity (waterfalls, dams) b. Tidal energy 4. Geothermal Energy a. Built where the earth’s crust is cracked or thin b. Hot melted rocks called magma are hot enough to boil water and turn it into steam. The steam turns the turbines to generate electricity 5. Biomass a. Plant materials used to produce energy b. Spoiled crops, tree limbs, scrap paper, corn stalks, etc. i. Can be treated with chemical or bacteria that change them into fuels that can be used like gasoline IV. How Can We Use Energy Wisely? A. Use electric lights wisely B. Use less gasoline C. Use less of things to save energy (water) D. Recycle aluminum, pop cans, plastics, and paper