Download Introduction to Energy

Introduction to Energy
What is a “Natural Resource”?

All of the Earth’s organisms, air, water, and soil, as well as
materials such as oil, coal, and ore that are removed from
the ground.

Separated into two broad categories:
◦ Renewable resources
◦ Nonrenewable resources
NYS Natural Resources
Timber (3 million acres of forest)
 Freshwater (7,600 lakes & 70,000 miles of rivers)
 Natural Gas and Oil (14,000 active wells)
 Minerals (Over 2,000 active mines for salt, garnet, gypsum,

talc, zinc, and wollastonite for use in sandpaper, wallboard, paint
pigment, ceramics, brick, glass and industrial abrasives.)

Sand and Gravel (Almost 90 percent of mining in NY
involves the excavation of sand, gravel, and limestone for use in
concrete, blacktop, roadfill, and construction projects.)
Renewable Resource

Any resource that is
continually cycled
(such as wind or
water movement)

Any resource can be
replaced within a
human life span.
Solar
Wind and Water
Geothermal
Biomass Fuels
Nonrenewable Resource

Any resource that
cannot be replaced
during a human life
span.

Took millions of years
to form and exist in
fixed amounts in the
Earth.

They need to be
conserved before they
become depleted
Fossil Fuels (Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas)
Nuclear (Nuclear Fission)
Renewable Resources
Nonrenewable Resources

Biomass (4.54%)

Petroleum (34.67%)

Hydropower (3.26%)

Natural Gas (25.57%)

Wind (1.20%)

Coal (20.22%)

Geothermal (0.23%)

Uranium (8.50%)

Solar (0.16%)

Propane (1.64%)
Sources of Energy
What is Energy?

Energy is the ability to produce change or
do work
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Energy produces light
Energy produces heat
Energy produces motion
Energy produces sound
Energy produces growth
Energy produces technology
Potential Energy

This is energy that is stored
or based on the position of
something, as well as
gravitational energy.
◦ Chemical Energy
◦ Stored Mechanical Energy
◦ Nuclear Energy
◦ Gravitational Energy
Kinetic Energy

This is the energy of
motion such as the motion
of waves, electrons, atoms,
molecules, substances, and
objects
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Electrical Energy
Radiant Energy
Thermal Energy
Motion Energy
Sound Energy
Two Categories of Energy
Potential Energy

Chemical Energy:
stored in the bonds of
atoms and molecules.

Stored in biomass and
petroleum.

Breaking down these
bonds is how your
body turns food into
energy.
Potential Energy

Stored Mechanical
Energy: stored in
objects by the
application of force

Compressed springs

Stretched Rubber
Band
Potential Energy

Nuclear Energy:
energy stored in the
nucleus of an atom

Fusion: energy released
two atoms are
combined together
(The Sun)

Fission: energy
released when an atom
is split (Nuclear Power
Plants)
Potential Energy

Gravitational
Energy: the energy
of position or
placement

A rock perched on
top of a hill

Water in a reservoir
behind a dam
Kinetic Energy

Electrical Energy: movement of
electron

Electrons moving through a wire

Lightning
Kinetic Energy

Radiant Energy:
electromagnetic
energy that travels in
waves

Visible light, infrared,
x-ray, radio waves,
etc

Solar energy
Kinetic Energy

Thermal Energy:
the vibration and
movement of atoms
within a substance
(heat)

The faster the
molecules vibrate,
the more heat is
generated
Kinetic Energy

Motion Energy: the
movement of objects
from one place to
another
Wind energy
 Baseball hit at man’s
face

Kinetic Energy

Sound Energy: movement of energy through
substances in longitudinal waves

Sound causes objects to vibrate
Conservation of Energy

Law of
Conservation of
Energy: energy is
neither created or
destroyed

When we use energy
we simply change its
form.
Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency:
how much energy
you can get out of a
system

Most energy
transformations are
not efficient

Light bulbs are only
10% efficient
Energy Efficiency by Country
Energy Efficiency by Country
Who uses energy?

Industrial Sector – 31.44%

Transportation – 27.83%

Residential – 22.22%

Commercial – 18.52%
Who uses energy?
2013
2014

Industrial Sector – 31.44%
21.72%

Transportation –
27.83%
27.43%

Residential –
22.22%
7.23%
18.52%
4.39%
39.23%
Commercial –
 Electric Power 
World Energy Consumption