Download Year End Final Study 09-10

Year End Final
2009-2010
The following are questions that you should be able to write about or answer on the final
test. This test is an accumulation of knowledge you should have gained over the year in
Biology. Today, and tonight, you should read the following pages to be able to answer
the questions corresponding with the chapters.
Chp. 1.
1) List and explain the characteristics of life.
2) Discuss the various methods used in scientific investigations.
3) Discuss the following parts of a controlled experiment; Hypothesis, Control
Group, Experimental Group, Dependent Variable, Independent Variable,
Theory.
Vocabulary: Heterotrophs, Autotrophs, Ecosystem Asexual Reproduction, Sexual
Reproduction, Natural Selection, Homeostasis, Metabolism, Cell Division, Controlled
Experiment, Dependent Variable, Independent Variable, Hypothesis, Control Group,
Experimental Group, Inference, Data
Chp. 2.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Atomic structure concerning protons, neutrons, electrons.
Types of bonds such as covalent, Ionic, and Hydrogen bonds.
Describe the three states of matter.
Discuss the ReDox Reactions or Oxidation and Reduction reactions.
Describe the differences between acids and bases and the use of a pH scale.
Vocabulary: Atom, Atomic Number, Chemical Reaction, Covalent Bond, Ionic Bond,
Nucleus, Proton, Neutron, Electron, Energy Level, Activation Energy, Endergonic
Reaction, Exergonic Reaction, Product, Reactant, Redox Reaction, Oxidation Reaction,
Reduction Reaction, Acid, Base, Dissociation, Solution, Solvent, Solute, pH Scale
Chp. 3
1) How water is a universal solvent and what adhesion and cohesion are.
2) Macromolecules of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids, by
understanding the monomers that make up each of these molecules.
Vocabulary: Adhesion, Cohesion, Hydrogen Bond, ATP Adenosine Triphosphate,
Condensation Reaction, Macromolecule, Monomer, Polymer, Hydrolysis, Amino Acid,
Carhohydrate, Isomer, Lipid, Monosaccharide, Nucleic Acid, Nucleotide, Polypeptide,
Polysaccharide, Protein, Fatty Acid, Triglyceride
Chp. 4.
1) Who were the scientist responsible for discovering the cell and what are the 3
statemements of the cell theory.
2) Describe the various parts of the Eukaryotic cell such as the cell membrane,
mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes,
cilia and flagella and the nucleus.
3) What are the main organelles of the plant cell.
Vocabulary: Nucleus, Cell Theory, Organelle, Prokaryote, Eukaryote, Cell Wall,
Chloroplast, Chromatin, Chromosome, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
Apparatus, Lysosome, Mitochondrion, Nuclear Envelope, Nucleolus, Ribosome,
Selectively Permeable Membrane, Vacuole,
Chp. 8
1) Understand the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
2) List and describe the phases of mitosis.
Vocabulary: Autosome, Chromatid, Diploid, Haploid, Homologous Chromosome,
Karyotype, Sex Chromosome, Anaphase, Binary Fission, Centrosome, Ctyokinesis, GPhases, Interphase, Meiosis, Metaphase, Mitisis, M Phase, Prophase, S Phase, Telophase,
Crossing Over, Gamete, Independent Assortment, Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis.
Chp. 18.
1) Explain how Aristotle began the classification system.
2) Discuss Linnaeus’s system of classification in using binomial nomenclature
and the 7 levels of classification.
3) Describe the present day 6 kingdom classification system.
Vocabulary: Binomial Nomenclature, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species, Sub-Species, Variety, Strain, Division, Phylogenetic Tree, Systematics, Derived
Character, Cladistics
Chp. 19
1) Use the terms biosphere, ecosystem, community, populations to explain your
understanding of ecology.
2) Describe the difference between abiotic and biotic factors in an environment.
Vocabulary: Biosphere, Ecology, Community, Population, Greenhouse Effect, Abioitic
Factor, Biotic Factor, Fundamental Niche, Habitat ,Niche, Realized Niche, Tolerance
Curve.
Chp. 20
1) Explain population density.
2) Explain carrying capacity of land areas.
3) Explain density dependent and density independent regulations in an
environment.
Chp. 21
1) Discuss mutualism and commensalism.
2) Discuss primary and secondary succession.
Chp. 22
1) Discuss the various consumers; herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, as well
as the detritivores and decomposers.
2) Discuss the difference between food chains and food webs.
3) Explain the water cycle and the various stages water goes through.
4) Explain the carbon cycle and how carbon is changed from form to form.
5) List and explain the seven major Biomes.
Chp. 23
1) What was the debt-for-nature swap program about.
2) Explain the difference between conservation and restoration biology.
Chp. 24
1) Discuss the differences between the two kingdoms of bacteria.
2) Explain the gram staining technique and its use in understanding gram
positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria.
3) Discuss the various types of antibiotics that are used today and how they
function
Chp. 25
1) What impact did Wendel Stanley have on virology.
2) Why are viruses not classified in our 6 kingdom system.
3) Explain the lytic and lysogenic cycles that viruses go through.
4) What is an emerging virus.
Chp. 28
1) List the major characteristics of fungi.
2) List several fungal diseases associated with human existence.
3) How are fungi used in industry.
Chp. 30
1) What prevents water loss in plants.
Chp 36.
1) Describe the parts of the tapeworm and discuss the prevention of this
infestation in our pets.
2) How are roundworms adapted for a parasitic way of life.
Chp. 37
1) What is a trochophore larva and how does it benefit the mollusk and annelids.
2) Describe the various structures of the earthworm and tell their functions.
3) What do leeches do that enable them to become a good parasitic organism.
Chp. 38.
1) Why is the term arthropod a good name for organisms found in the phylum
arthropoda.
2) What is the difference between the compound and simple eye.
3) What is molting.
4) What kind of organisms are in the class Arachnida and list some of their
distinguishing characteristics.
5) What type of organism is in the class diplopoda, class chilopoda.
Chp. 42
1) Explain the chambers and functions of the frogs heart.
Chp. 46
1) Discuss the two types of skeleton our bodies are made up of.
2) List and explain the various types of joints found in the human body.
3) What are the 3 types of muscle tissue.
Chp. 47
1) Explain the various chambers of the heart and the flowpath of blood through
the heart.
2) Discuss Coronary, Renal and Hepatic Portal circulations.
3) List the various parts of blood.
4) Tell how blood is typed and the various types of blood that are found in
humans.
5) What are the structures in the lungs where the gas exchange takes place of
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Chp. 49
1) What are the 6 basic food nutrients needed to be consumed by humans.