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Summer Project: AP Environmental Name: Due date: August 15th You will need a copy of the book Collapse by Jared Diamond. We will be using it throughout the year to enhance certain concepts. Read Chapters 1-4 (pp.1-119) in text book Environmental Science, by Richard Wright. To be successful in this class you must remain organized and take notes on index cards (25) of each chapter (total 100 for 100 points) and define and learn the following words. A quiz will be given on vocabulary after each reading assignment. Biodiversity(chp 1) Ecological footprint Ecosystem capital Stewardship Sustainable Abiotic(chp2) Autotroph Biomass Biome Biosphere Biota Carnivore Chlorophyll Consumer Decomposer Detritus Ecology Ecosystem Ecotone Food Chain Food Web Habitat Herbivore Heterotroph Host Inorganic Molecule Limiting Factors Limits of Tolerance Mutualism Niche Omnivore Organic Molecule Parasitism Photosynthesis Population Predator Prey Producers Range of Tolerance Species Symbiotic Synergistic Effect Trophic Levels Zone of Stress Anaerobic(chp 3) Cellulose Entropy Fermentation 1st Law of Thermodynamics 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Law of Conservation of Energy Kinetic Energy Matter Natural Organics Organic Phosphate Overgrazing Oxidation Potential Energy Respiration Synthetic Organics Adaptation (chp 4) Carrying Capacity Climax Ecosystem Critical Number Ecological Restoration Ecological Succession Endangered Environmental Resistance Exponential Increase Fire climax Invasive Species Keystone Species Natural Selection Population Density Primary Succession Recruitment Replacement Level Reproduction Strategies Secondary Succession Selective Pressures Speciation Territoriality Threatened Read pp 419-440 (100 pts) in the book Collapse, “Why do Some Societies Make Disastrous Decisions?” and answer the following questions: 1. List the characteristics the author mentions that complex societies all have? 2. The author divides the factors that contribute to failure into the following four categories. Describe and give an example of each category as discussed in the book. A. Failure to anticipate a problem (p. 421): B. When the problem does arrive, the group may fail to perceive it(424-426): C. Failure to try to solve it (427-436): D. They try to solve it but may not succeed (436-437): 3. What does the author mean by “landscape amnesia”? Give an example. 4. Describe the clash of interests known as “The Tragedy of the Commons” and give a possible solution as presented in the book. 5. Why do the Dutch have high environmental awareness? 6. Sometimes, “the success or failure as a society is to know which core values to hold on to and which ones to discard.” In the last 60 years what core values did each of the following powerful countries give up in order to survive. a. Britain: b. France: c. Japan: d. Russia: e. United States: f. Australia: 7. Drawing from your own life and educational experiences, think of at least one group that failed at some task. Which of the four categories would their failure be characterized under? (e.g. England colonizing America; Category#2, failure to perceive problem has arrived, the English were distant managers)