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2108 Study Guide V Chapter 45: Hormones and Endocrine Be able to compare and contrast endocrine and exocrine glands Distinguish between and be able to describe the different types of secretory cells o Describe their roles in chemical signaling within the body Explain the actions of hormones in general terms from their release to reception on target cells Be able to recognize the different effects that prolactin can have in various vertebrates List the major chemical classes of molecules that function as hormones in vertebrates o Explain how the following 3 steps: reception, signal transduction, and response vary between water- and lipid soluble hormones Discuss how and why different target cells exposed to the same hormone may respond in different ways Be able to describe both negative and positive feedback o Give an example using an endocrine pathway Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system o How is it connected with both lobes of the pituitary gland Explain and list the role of the posterior pituitary o Know the hormones released, how they are signaled to be released, and the effects they have on the body Explain and list the role of the anterior pituitary o Know the hormones released, how they are signaled to be released, and the effects they have on the body Distinguish between releasing and inhibiting hormones Distinguish between trophic and non-trophic hormones Describe the role of growth hormone (GH) on the body and what results from hyper- and hyposecretion List the hormones of the thyroid gland and explain the roles in development and metabolism o Explain the disorders that result from imbalances of these hormones Describe the hormonal control of calcium homeostasis Distinguish between alpha and beta cells in the pancreas o Explain how their antagonistic hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism Describe what diabetes is o Distinguish between type I and type II List the hormones of the adrenal medulla, explain the control of their release and describe their functions List the hormones of the adrenal cortex, explain the control of their release and describe their functions Be able to describe the role of the pineal gland List the 3 hormones released by the gonads and how their release is controlled o Recognize how their ratios vary between sexes Chapter 46: Reproduction Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction o Describe 4 different types of asexual reproduction and the organisms that use them o Describe the 2 types of hemaphroditism o Compare internal and external reproduction Be able to describe the behaviors associated with both types Using a diagram, identify and be able to give a function of each component of the reproductive system of the human male Using a diagram, identify and be able to give a function of each component of the reproductive system of the human female Be able to describe spermatogenesis in general terms Be able to describe oogenesis in general terms Describe 3 major differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis