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2108 Study Guide V
Chapter 45: Hormones and Endocrine
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Be able to compare and contrast endocrine and exocrine glands
Distinguish between and be able to describe the different types of secretory cells
o Describe their roles in chemical signaling within the body
Explain the actions of hormones in general terms from their release to reception on target cells
Be able to recognize the different effects that prolactin can have in various vertebrates
List the major chemical classes of molecules that function as hormones in vertebrates
o Explain how the following 3 steps: reception, signal transduction, and response vary
between water- and lipid soluble hormones
Discuss how and why different target cells exposed to the same hormone may respond in
different ways
Be able to describe both negative and positive feedback
o Give an example using an endocrine pathway
Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system
o How is it connected with both lobes of the pituitary gland
Explain and list the role of the posterior pituitary
o Know the hormones released, how they are signaled to be released, and the effects
they have on the body
Explain and list the role of the anterior pituitary
o Know the hormones released, how they are signaled to be released, and the effects
they have on the body
Distinguish between releasing and inhibiting hormones
Distinguish between trophic and non-trophic hormones
Describe the role of growth hormone (GH) on the body and what results from hyper- and
hyposecretion
List the hormones of the thyroid gland and explain the roles in development and metabolism
o Explain the disorders that result from imbalances of these hormones
Describe the hormonal control of calcium homeostasis
Distinguish between alpha and beta cells in the pancreas
o Explain how their antagonistic hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism
Describe what diabetes is
o Distinguish between type I and type II
List the hormones of the adrenal medulla, explain the control of their release and describe their
functions
List the hormones of the adrenal cortex, explain the control of their release and describe their
functions
Be able to describe the role of the pineal gland
List the 3 hormones released by the gonads and how their release is controlled
o Recognize how their ratios vary between sexes
Chapter 46: Reproduction
 Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction
o Describe 4 different types of asexual reproduction and the organisms that use them
o Describe the 2 types of hemaphroditism
o Compare internal and external reproduction
 Be able to describe the behaviors associated with both types
 Using a diagram, identify and be able to give a function of each component of the reproductive
system of the human male
 Using a diagram, identify and be able to give a function of each component of the reproductive
system of the human female
 Be able to describe spermatogenesis in general terms
 Be able to describe oogenesis in general terms
 Describe 3 major differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis