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Socialization Chapter 3 Socialization: Process by which we learn the ways of society (adaptation to society) Refers to preparing newcomers to become members of an existing group and to think, feel, and act in ways the group considers appropriate Socialization occurs within biological, psychological, and social contexts “It is through human contact that people learn to be members of a human community” Main Question of this Unit? How do we become socialized individuals? Nature vs. Nurture What makes you you? What makes you you? Nature Heredity Aptitude Genetics Gender Instincts Nurture Birth Order Oldest – middle – youngest Single child Parental Characteristics Age level Level of education Occupation Religion Food Economic status Love Race Reproduce Fear Risk Ethnicity Single vs couple Cultural Environment Values Norms Institutions Status Nature vs. Nurture An ongoing debate: Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions(heredity). This is known as the "nature" theory of human behavior. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so from their environment. This is known as the "nurture" theory of human behavior. The Nature Theory: Heredity Scientists have known for years that traits such as eye color and hair color are determined by specific genes encoded in each human cell. The Nature Theory takes things a step further to say that more abstract traits such as intelligence, personality, aggression, and sexual orientation are also encoded in an individual's DNA. The Nurture Theory: Environment While not discounting that genetic tendencies may exist, supporters of the nurture theory believe they ultimately don't matter - that our behavioral aspects originate only from the environmental factors of our upbringing. Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select...regardless of his talents, weaknesses, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors. ~American Pyschologist: John Watson Create a 3 column chart in your notebook (similar to the one below) In column 1 – List the traits you believe you share with your mother In column 2 – List the traits you believe you share with your father In column 3 – List the traits you possess but are clearly not shared with your parents *You may list physical traits and/or behavior traits* Mother Father Unclear As social scientists, how can we draw conclusions and settle the argument? Twin studies (Identical vs Fraternal) If environment didn't play a part in determining an individual's traits and behaviors, then identical twins should, theoretically, be exactly the same in all respects, even if reared apart. Identical Strangers: Nature vs. Nurture Photo Gallery Conclusions: Certain physical and mental abilities are products of nature Attitudes are a result of nurture; however, basic temperament seems to be inherited With this being said, sociologists believe one’s environment can redraw the lines of nature Nature or Nurture Personality Attitudes Intelligence Athleticism Appearance Health