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Transcript
ei T vP [uT: past] ei [u-phi:3S] DP v' [u-T: NOM] ei [i-3S] v VP [u-obj] ei [u-phi: 3S] V DP saw him [i-past] [i-3S] [u-obj: ACC] In (58), the [u-phi] features in v act as the probe to value these [u-phi]. The latter agreement is visible in languages with object agreement on the verb. The same valuation happens with the T where the [u-phi] features act as a probe. The proposal in (58) thus represents structural case as valued by tense and an object value. As was mentioned in chapter 1, there are languages without case and (58) would therefore have to be adapted; there are also languages without overt tense. The dependence of case on tense could be severed by having [u-phi] first look for valued phifeatures and then have the DP move to look for case. Such âdelayed valuationâ is suggested in e.g. Carstens (2012) and would require that we allow DPs to act as probes. I wonât pursue this possibility further. There are other problems with the picture in (58), namely, Greenbergâs Universal in (59) has been known for a long time and it implies that orders where the V is first will have less agreement than when the nominal is before the V. We have seen some Arabic sentences in chapter 1 that show this asymmetry between SV and VS. (59) Universal 33 When number agreement between the noun and verb is suspended and the rule is based on order, the case is always one in which the verb precedes and the verb is in the singular. (Greenberg 1963: 94) 173
