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A. Definition: The endocrine system is composed of ductless glands, accessory organs and widespread endocrine tissues which synthesize and secrete hormones into blood or lymph to maintain homeostasis and regulate metabolic activities. 1. What is a target tissue? a. has receptor specific to hormone in M/B b. cells of this tissue are activated by H c. all of the above 1 a. one that effects another gland b. one to which the cell M/B is permeable c. a and b a. a hormone made by neurons b. a hormone made by the hypothalamus or adrenal medulla c. a hormone made of cholesterol d. no such thing, teach A. Pituitary B. Thyroid C. Parathyroid D. Adrenal E. Pineal F. Thymus 2 • • Pituitary gland (hypophysis) is attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum It has an anterior and posterior lobe 1. The Posterior lobe (neural tissue) is storage area for oxytocin & ADH. a. ADH/AVP controls blood volume and thus blood pressure 2. Anterior lobe is glandular (epithelial) a. makes & stores 6 hormones b.Has a vascular connection to the hypothalamus thru the hypophyseal portal veins, so that hypothalamic hormones reach and regulate anterior pituitary. a. b. c. d. e. TSH hGH PRL LH Somatostatin 3 1. Located in anterior throat, inferior to larynx of trachea 2. In addition to T4 and T3 (which accelerate metabolism) calcitonin is secreted. It puts Ca salts into bone. Four embedded in back of Thyroid 1. Parathormone (PTH) secreted by chief cells increase Ca++ in blood 4 Located on top of each kidney 1. Adrenal cortex secretes > 24 corticosteroids, which easily enter cell. 2. 3 types of hormones here 3. Which of the following is not one of the 3 types of hormones synthesized in the adrenal cortex? a. Mineralocorticoid, aldosterone b. Glucocorticoid, cortisol c. Gonadocorticoids, DHEA d. Sympathetic NS hormone, epinephrine is neural tissue, synthesizes epi and norepi in chromafin cells 5 Very small gland in brain, between 2 lobes of thalamus (controls sleep/wake cycles via melatonin) Just above heart is responsible for maturation of T cells of immune system. Hormones include thymosin and thymopoietin. 6 A. Pancreas B. Gonads 1. Ovaries 2. Testes C. Heart D. Kidney Islets of Langerhans produce insulin and glucagon, Insulin, secreted by beta cells enables glucose to enter the cell. Glucagon takes glucose out of the cell in times of starvation, raising amount of sugar in blood. Gonads covered w/ reproduction 1. Secretes atrial naturetic hormone ANP to fine tune blood pressure and volume by blocking renin, thus, lowering blood pressure. 1. Secretes Erythropoietin to increase RBC production 2. Secretes Renin which controls blood pressure. 7 8