Download Item # Secretion Initiated By Secretion Inhibited By Hormone

Item #
Secretion Initiated By
Secretion Inhibited By
Hormone
1
Hypertension
dehydration
decreased blood volume
pain, stress,and increased sodium
Hypotension
increased blood volume
alcohol
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Vassopressin
Cranial Cavity
Posterior Pituitary (3)
2
Stimulation of nipples and child birth
Catecholamines
Oxytocin (OT)
Alpha-hypophamine
Cranial Cavity
Posterior Pituitary
3
Thyroid Releasing Hormone
High levels of thyroid hormones
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyrotropin
Cranial Cavity
Anterior Pituitary
4
Low level of cortisol, stress, fever
Increased levels of cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Corticotropin
Cranial Cavity
Anterior Pituitary
5
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Testosterone (men) Estrogen &
Progesterone (women)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Gonadotropins
Cranial Cavity
Anterior Pituitary
6
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
High levels of, (in the testes testosterone,
in the overies estrogen and progesterone)
Leutininzing Hormone (LH)
Gonadotropins
Cranial Cavity
Anterior Pituitary
7
Mechanical or infant suckling
Dopamine
Prolactin (PRL)
Luteotropic hormone (LTH)
Cranial Cavity
Anterior Pituitary
8
Ultraviolet light
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Release
Inhibitory Hormone (MIF)
Melanocyte - Stimulating Hormone
Lipotropin
Cranial Cavity
Anterior Pituitary
9
Control by central nervous system,
occurs in burts, most released
during early sleep,
somatostatin an anterior pituitary
regulating hormone produced in
hypothalamus,
Human Growth Hormone
Somatotropin
Cranial Cavity
Anterior Pituitary
Molecular Structure of Hormones
Alternate Name
1 OF 10
Location of Major Endocrine Gland Organ Responsible for Secretion Illustrations of the Secreting Organ
Item #
Cell Type Responsible for
Secretion
Target Organ or Tissue
Principle Action
Consequences of
Deficieny
Chemical Class
Consequences of Excess
Feed Back System
Drugs Associated with the
Imbalance
Reference
1
Neurosecretory Cells
Kidneys
Sweat Glands
Arterioles
To conserve water by decreasing urine output
Decreases the permiability of the
collecting ducts of the kidneys,
increasing urine production, resulting in
dehydration, and possibaly diabetes
insipidus
Peptide
Increases the permiability of the collecting
ducts of the kidneys decreasing urine
production.
Negative
Desmopressin, Terlipressin
colorado.edu,www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/book
shelf/picrender.fcgi,Image may be
subject to copyright
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin
shop1.actinicexpress.co.uk,www.chemic
albook.com/StructureFile
2
Neurosecretory Cells
Uterus during labor and mammary
glands
Stimulates uterine muscle contraction, and
secretion of milk
Prevents maturnal bond, decrease in milk
ejection
Peptide
No known syndrome naturally secreted,
however if given excess via IV it can cause
water retention and iatrogenic hyponatremia.
3
Neurosecretory Cells, Thyrotrophs
Thyroid Gland
Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid
hormones, growth and function of thyroid gland
Hypothyroidism
Glycoprotein
Hyperthyroidism
Negative
4
Corticotrophs
Adrenal Cortex
Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids from the
adrenal glands.
Hypoadrenalism
Peptide
Hyperadrenalism
Negative
5
Gonadotrophs
Testes & Ovaries
Stimulates the production of eggs(ovarian
follicles) and estradiol in women and sperm in
men.
hypogonadism cessation of reproductive
cycles (females)
Glycoprotein
primary hypogonadism,
cryptorchidism(undescended testes)
Negative
Menotropins including more
purified forms of urinary
gonadotropins such as
Menopur, as well as without
LH activity as recombinant
FSH (Gonal F, Follistim).
www.agen.ufl.edu,
www.nextbio.com/b/pubchemimg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folliclestimulating_hormone
www.lookchem.com/keyimages,www.pho
enix5.org/.../graphics/malereprourin.jpg,
www.invitrogen.com/etc/medialib/en/imag
es
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_h
ormone
Illustration of Target Organ or Tissue
Positive
anselm.edu,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science,w
Pitocin, Syntocinon, tocolytic
ww.chemicalbook.com/CAS,bioweb.wku.
agent atosiban (Tractocile)
edu/courses,www.chemicalbook.com/Str
uctureFile
Thyrogen
www.cartage.org.lb/.../endocrorgs.gif,,w
ww.invitrogen.com/etc/medialib/en/image
s,physpharm.ohsu.edu/.../Images/Edwin.
jpg,content.answers.com/
Cosyntropin, Tradename
www.genscript.com,www.laurelalexander
Cortrosyn and Synacthen .co.uk,www.chemicalbook.com/Structure
(synthetic ACTH), Acthar Gel
File,
6
Gonadotrophs
Gonads
LH stimulates secretion of sex steroids from the
gonads.
secondary hypogonadism (Kallmann
syndrome)
Glycoprotein
primary hypogonadism
Negative
Pergonal, and other forms of
urinary gonadotropins . More
purified forms of urinary
gonadotropins may reduce
the LH portion in relation to
FSH. Recombinant LH is
available as lutropin alfa
(Luveris).
7
Lactotrophs
Mammary glands
Stimulates Mammary glands to produce milk
Absence of milk production
Protein
Enlarge mammary glands in both
male/females, infertility, galactorrhea
Negative
Medications that act like
dopamine (such as
bromocriptine or
cabergoline).
8
Corticotropes
Skin & Hair
Stimulates the production and release of melanin
Hyperpigmentation
Polypeptide
No melain produced, Albinism
Negative
Afamelanotide (melanotan1), Bremelanotide
9
Somatotropes
All body cells
Causes liver to release IGF-1 promoting growth
of long bones. Stimulates fat cells to break down
triglyceride
Growth retardation (dwarvism)
Protein
Giganticism and Acromegly
Negative
www.chemicalbook.com/CAS,genxxl.co
Genotropin®, Humatrope®,
m/.../i6.photobucket.com
Norditropin®, Nutropin®,
http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs
Saizen®, Serostim®
_concern/hgh.htm
2 OF 10
www.terrapub.co.jp,academic.kellogg.ed
u/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKi.Image may
be subject to copyright,ehponline.org
www.rgs.uky.edu/odyssey/images/melan
ocyte_uv.jpg,www.topnews.in/files/SkinHair.Care_.jpg, Image may be subject to
copyright.,img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/thumb/
tyrosine.jpg
Item #
Secretion Initiated By
Secretion Inhibited By
Hormone
10
Thyroid releasing hormone
Somatostatin
Thyroid Hormone
Thyroglobulin
Neck
Thyroid Gland
11
Increase in serum Calcium levels,
Gastrin, Pentagastrin
Blood calcium levels below normal
Calcitonin
Thyrocalcitonin
Neck
Thyroid Gland
12
Low serum calcium levels
Serum calcium levels above normal
Parathyroid Hormone
Parathormone
Neck
Parathyroid Gland
13
Stressor
Self regulating
Epinephrine
Adrenaline
Abdominal Cavity (retroperitoneal)
Adrenal Glands
medulla)
14
Danger threatens or in emergency
Self regulating
Norepinephrine
Noradrenaline
Abdominal Cavity (retroperitoneal)
Adrenal Glands (adrenal medulla)
15
Angiotensin II
Sodium Ions and Dopamine, ANH
Aldosterone
Salt-retaining hormone
Abdominal Cavity (retroperitoneal)
Adrenal Glands (adrenal cortex)
16
ACTH
Increased Cortisol levels inhibit CRH
secretion and stops ACTH secretion
Cortisol / Cortisone
Hydrocortisone
Abdominal Cavity (retroperitoneal
Adrenal Glands (adrenal cortex)
17
ACTH
Increased levels of FSH, LH and GnRH
Gonadocorticoids Hormone
Adrenal androgens
Abdominal Cavity (retroperitoneal)
Adrenal Glands (adrenal cortex)
Molecular Structure of Hormones
Alternate Name
3 OF 10
Location of Major Endocrine Gland Organ Responsible for Secretion Illustrations of the Secreting Organ
(adrenal
Item #
Cell Type Responsible for
Secretion
Target Organ or Tissue
10
Follicular Cells
11
Parafollicular cells
12
Parathyroid chief cell
Principle Action
Consequences of
Deficieny
Chemical Class
Consequences of Excess
Feed Back System
Drugs Associated with the
Imbalance
Reference
All Body cells
Regulates the body's metabolic rate
Hypothyroidism ( Cretinism , Myxedema)
Peptide
Hyperthyroidism (Grave's Disease)
Negative
Levothyroxine (i.e., Synthroid,
Levoxyl), as well as synthetic
forms of the T3 hormone.
Natural, animal-derived
desiccated thyroid, such as
Armour Thyroid.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf,genxxl.c
om/.i6.photobucket.com,www.chemicalb
ook.com/StructureFile,
http://thyroid.about.com/od/thyroiddrugstr
eatments/tp/thyroidhormonereplacement.
htm
Bone tissue
Regulate calcuim and phosphoros blood levels
stimulates absorption of calcium by bone
A large number of diseases are
associated with abnormally increased or
decreased levels of calcitonin, but
pathologic effects of abnormal calcitonin
secretion per se are not generally
recognized.
Peptide
A large number of diseases are associated with
abnormally increased or decreased levels of
calcitonin, but pathologic effects of abnormal
calcitonin secretion per se are not generally
recognized.
Negative
Miacalcin Nasal, Fortical,
Miacalcin
www.igb.fraunhofer.de/.../calcitonin,www
.modernights.com/images/bone%20tissu
e.jpg http://www.drugs.com/drugclass/calcitonin.html
Bone tissue
Illustration of Target Organ or Tissue
Regulates serum Ca levels by releasing Ca from
bones
Hypoparathyroidism -tetany/convulsions
Peptide
Hyperparathyroidism,decalcification of bone
Image may be subject to copyright.
Negative
Forteo
https://www.bcbsri.com/BCBSRIWeb/im
ages,www.modernights.com/images/bon
e%20tissue.jpg
http://www.drugs.com/drugclass/parathyroid-hormone-andanalogs.html
www.chemicalbook.com/StructureFile.w
ww.landesbioscience.com/.../NavehMany03Jin.jpg
Image may be subject to copyright.
Adrenalin® Chloride Solution, http://www.thyroidinstitute.org/images/ad
EpiPens, Anapens and
renal_gland.jpg,
Twinjects, Racemic
psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Epinephrine.,
epinephrine
www.medicallook.com/.../Cardiac_Muscle
13
Chromaffin cells
Sympathetic effectors, cardiac and
other muscles
Provides the body with energy for a stress
response (fight or flight)
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency
Peptide
Anxiety/fear/panic
Negative
14
Chromaffin cells
Adrenergic receptors: pancreas, liver,
muscle, repiratory rate
Provides the body with energy for a stress
response (fight or flight)
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency
Amino acid
Anxiety/fear/panic
Negative
Levophed Bitartrate
LEVOPHED
15
Zona glomerulosa cells
Kidneys
Water regulation, increases plasma Na+ and
decreases K+
Cushing Syndrome, Addison's disease
(rare)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism
Very high-sodium diet
Steroid
Bartter syndrome (extremely rare)
Primary hyperaldosteronism (rare)
Secondary hyperaldosteronism from heart or
kidney disease
Very low-sodium diet
Negative
Aldosterone Antagonist
(spironolactone)
16
Zona fasciculata and zona reticularis
cells.
All tissues
Stimulates glucose synthesis/conservation &
inhibits inflammatory response
Over inflammation of tissues
Amino acid
Can suppress bodys defense system, including
the inflammatory response.
Negative
Cortisone or Corticosteroids
17
Zona fasciculata and zona reticularis
cells.
All tissues
Sex hormones prior to puberty
Addison’s disease
Steroid
Cushing's disease and/or masculinization
Negative
Hormone replacement
therapy (HRT)
4 OF 10
www.lookchem.com
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/norepinephri
ne.html
http://image.tutorvista.com/content,om/lar
ge_KidneyDiagram
http://www.drugs.com/enc/aldosterone.ht
ml
http://www.xploringhealth.com/
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/
bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Hormones_cortiso
ne
kcampbell.bio.umb.edu/November01/Sry
casca.gif Image may be subject to
copyright.
Item #
Secretion Initiated By
Secretion Inhibited By
Hormone
18
Increased gluconse in the blood
Decreased glucose in the blood stream
Insulin
Pancrein
Abdominal Cavity (pancreas)
Pancreatic Islets
19
Decrease in bood glucose levels
Increase in blood glucose levels
Glucagon
enteroglucagon
Abdominal Cavity (pancreas)
Pancreatic Islets
20
PP cells (F cells)
Inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion via a
cholinergic pathway
Pancreatic Polypeptide
F Cell
Abdominal Cavity (pancreas)
Pancreas
21
Increased levels of Growth horomone
(GIHH)
Decreased levels of Growth hormone
Somatostatin
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
(GHIH) or somatotropin releaseinhibiting factor (SRIF)
Cranial Cavity (Brain)
Hypothalamus
22
Testosterone is primarily synthesized
in Leydig cells. The number of Leydig
cells in turn is regulated by luteinizing
hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH).
High levels of the hormone LH
Testosteone
Androgen
Pelvic Cavity (Scrotum)
Teste
23
By FSH ( Follicle stimulating
hormone) and LH (luteinizing)
hormone in the ovaries.
Menopause
Estrogen
Oogenesis
Pelvic Cavity
Ovary
24
BY FSH ( Follicle stimulating
hormone) and LH (luteinizing)
hormone in the ovaries.
High levels of the hormone FSH
Progesterone
Oogenesis
Pelvic Cavity
Ovary(Corpus lutem)
25
T cells (lymphoctes)
Low level of T cells
Thymosin
Thymopoietin
Mediastinum
Thymus
26
Regulate onset of puberty and
menstrual cycle, responds to body's
internal clock
Inhibition of testerone
Melatonin
Methoxytryptamine
Cranial Cavity (Brain)
Pineal Gland
27
Internal-External Stimuli
Physical change or damage, drug
influences, psychological imbalance
Releasing Hormones
Releasing Factor
Cranial Cavity (Brain)
Hypothalmus
Molecular Structure of Hormones
Alternate Name
5 OF 10
Location of Major Endocrine Gland Organ Responsible for Secretion Illustrations of the Secreting Organ
Item #
Cell Type Responsible for
Secretion
Target Organ or Tissue
Principle Action
Consequences of
Deficieny
Chemical Class
Consequences of Excess
Feed Back System
18
b islet cells
Liver and skeletal muscules (shown)
Lowers level of glucose in the blood
Diabetes mellitus/diabetic coma
Peptide
Hypoglycemia
Negative
19
Alphn cells of b ilet of langerhans
Liver
elevates level of glucose in the blood
Hyperaminoacidemia
Polypeptide
Cuasing pancreatic tumors as glucagonoma.
Negative
20
PP Cells
Intestinal cells and other affectors
pancreatic polypeptide hormone is expressed at
times when glucose levels in the blood are low
causing hunger.
Having too much would cause lack of appitite,
loss of body mass, low blood glucose levals
Negative
21
Neuronedocrine neurone of the
periventricular nucleus
Pancreatic cells and other effectors
inhibits release of growth hormone, inhibits
release of thyroid stimulating hormone
Acromegaly
Peptide
Dwarfism
Negative
22
Adrenal Cortex
Brain, bones, muscle, gonads
Promotes protein
Poor libido, Fatigue, atrophy, erectile
dysfunction, diabetes, poor sleep,
depression, anxiety, psychological
disorders, decrease of hair, loss of bone
mass, irritability, infertility
Androgen (steroid)
Early puberty, acne, excessive muscle mass
and mood swings. Breast tissue growth and
unusual body hair growth
Negative
Andro LA 200, Delatestryl,
http://www.biog1105Depandro 100, Depo1106.org,www.ftmguide.org/images/Tmol
Testosterone, Testosterone
ecule.gif
Cypionate, Testosterone
http://www.drugs.com/testosterone.html
Enanthate
(Physical)- arthrosclerosis, headaches,
vaginal infections, arthritis (Mental)depression panic attacks, lowered self
esteem. Menopause
Steroid
PMS Migraines Mood Swings Cramps Uterine
Fibroids Depression Unexplained Weight Gain
Fatigue Osteoporosis Insomnia Allergies
Memory Loss Acne Hot Flashes Thinning Hair
Irregular Periods Breast Tenderness
Miscarriage Low Sex Drive High Blood
Pressure Facial Hair Inflammation
Negative
Alora3, Angeliq4, Climara5,
Climara Pro6, Combipatch7
,Delestrogen, Enjuvia8,
Estraderm9, Estrasorb10,
http://www.biog1105-1106.org,www.thefemhrt11,
hormonal-nightmare.com/images/Human
Femring12,Prefest13
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/Inf
Tablets, Premarin14,
ormationbyDrugClass/ucm135318.htm
Premarin Intravenous15,
Premarin Vaginal Cream16,
PREMPRO/PREMPHASE17
, Vivelle18, Vivelle-Dot19
Progesterone converts the endometrium to its
secretory stage to prepare the uterus for
implantation. At the same time progesterone
Infertility, miscarriage, carbohydrate
affects the vaginal epithelium and cervical
cravings, tenderness to breast, irregular
mucus, making it thick and impermeable to
periods, ovarian cysts, menstrual
sperm. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone cramps, water retention, hypothermia,
levels will decrease, leading, in the human, to
menstruation
Lipids
Inhibits pituitary secretion of FSH and LH; As a
result the developent of new follicles are
inhibited.
Negitive
First Progesterone MC10,
First Progesterone MC5,
Progest, Prometrium
http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au,imag
e.absoluteastronomy.com/images/encycl
oped
ZADAXIN®
Thymosin Alpha 1, Injection
(thymalfasin)
http://www.empowher.com,www.lookche
m.com/300w
http://www.rxlist.com/zadaxin-drug.htm
23
Adrenal Cortex
Gonads, brain, cardiovascular,liver,
bone
Illustration of Target Organ or Tissue
Promote the development of female secondary
sexual characteristics, such as breasts, and are
also involved in the thickening of the endometrium
and other aspects of regulating the menstrual
cycle.
Having too little PP hormones appears to
stimulate appetite, lessens the ability to
resist the temptation of food, and
Peptide (amino acid polypeptide)
increases the chances of a person
becoming overweight.
24
Adrenal Cortex
Gonads
25
Cortex
Lymphoid
Enhances the development of "T" lymphocytes.
Activity of the thymus wanes significantly after
puberty; it ultimately atrophies to be replaced with
fibrous tissue.
Decrease T cells can occur in infection
and disease.
Blood( white blood cells)
Little or no immune response. Inability to resist
bacterial, viral or fungal infections. A lack of
cancer cell surveillance. Inability to reject
foreign tissues.
Negative
26
Pinealocytes
Brain
Melatonin signal forms part of the system that
regulates the Circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle)
by chemically causing drowsiness
Insomnia or frequent waking
Peptide
Increase hormone can cause a sleeping
disorder .( Also sleep can help growth
development and energy. Only if you sleep for 810 hrs.)
Negative
27
Parvocellular Neurosecretory Neurons
Pituitary
Is a hormone whose main purpose is to control
the release of another hormone
Psychological, Physical changes. Illness,
organ damage, hormonal imbalances,
death
Peptide
Psychological, Physical changes. Illness, organ
damage, hormonal imbalances, death
Negative
6 OF 10
Drugs Associated with the
Imbalance
Reference
www.pharmacorama.com/en/Sections/im
ages/Insul.Image may be subject to
Insulin Regular
copyright.,www.chemicalbook.com/Struct
Humulin R, Novolin R,
ureFile
Novolin R Innolet, Novolin R
http://www.drugs.com/insulin.html
PenFill, ReliOn/Novolin R
GlucaGen
Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)
Octreotide, Lanreotide
www.chemicalbook.com/StructureFile,w
ww.best-vitamin-supplementsguide.com/images,www.lookchem.com/k
eyimages//
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/glucagon.html
www.ebi.ac
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NC
T00791076
upload.wikimedia.org/.../2/27/Somatostati
n.png,www.chemicalbook.com/Structure
File
Melatonin, S.Gard, ...show all www.hbcprotocols.com/sleep/images/me
6 brand names.Biolatonin.gif
Melatonin, Health Aid
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/melatonin.ht
Melatonin, VesPro Melatonin,
ml
Melatonin Time Release
Antagon, Cetrotide,
Firmagon, Plenaxis
www.lookchem.com/UserFilesUpload
http://www.drugs.com/drugclass/gonadotropin-releasing-hormoneantagonists.html
Item #
Secretion Initiated By
Secretion Inhibited By
Hormone
Molecular Structure of Hormones
Alternate Name
Location of Major Endocrine Gland Organ Responsible for Secretion Illustrations of the Secreting Organ
Additional Organs, Tissues and Cells that produce Hormones
A
Falling levels of EPO, moderate
bleeding
Chemotherapy and PO2 is normal, EPO
derease
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Epoetin Alfa
Abdominal Cavity
Kidneys
B
Initiated early in parathyroid hormone
secetion. Parathyroid hormones
encourages the activation of calcidiol
into calcitriol by the kidney
Increased Ca & Phosphate
Calcitrol
(1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3)
Abdominal Cavity
Renal Glands/Kidneys
C
The effect of the protein on body weight is
mediated by decreased hunger and food
Leptin is secreted by the adipose
consumption due to inhibition of
tissue into the blood stream, and
neuropeptide Y, increased energy
travels to the hypothalamus, where it
expenditure, and oxidation of fatty acids in
regulates the release of several
the mitochondria of liver and skeletal
neurotransmitters.
muscles.
Leptin
LEP, Obesity Factor, Murine Obesity
Homolog
Many
(Many) In addition to white adipose
tissue—the major source of
leptin—it can also be produced by
brown adipose tissue, placenta
(syncytiotrophoblasts), ovaries,
skeletal muscle, stomach (lower part
of fundic glands), mammary
epithelial cells, bone marrow,
pituitary and liver.
D
Estrone is produced primarily from
androstenedione originating from the
gonads (female ovaries) or the
adrenal cortex.
Aromatase inhibitors can't stop the
ovaries from making estrogen, so
aromatase inhibitors only work in postmenopausal women. Arimidex (chemical
name: anastrozole), Aromasin (chemical
name: exemestane), Femara (chemical
name: letrozole)
Estrone
Oestrone, Estrogen
Many
(Many) Adrenal Cortex to the
Ovaries
E
Secretion initiated by the uterus.The
linear pathway is initiated through the
action of lipoxygenases.
Inhibit cyclooxygenase and reduce
prostaglandin synthesis. induced
intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion
Prostaglandins
Cyclooxygenase
Many
Many
F
The presence of acid (primarily the
Initiated by food in the stomach. The secreted HCl) in the stomach, Secretion
intestinal phase is initiated by
of this hormone is inhibited when the
distension
lumenal pH of the stomach becomes very
low
Gastrin
Gastrinoma, Pentagastrin
Many
GI Tract
G
Lipoprotein Lipase
Inhibits Cyclic Adenosine
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP)
Many
GI Tract
H
Acidification of the Duodenum
Normal pH Level
Secretin
Pancreatic
Many
GI Tract
I
Nutritional substances, secretin and
when food leaves the stomach and
enters the small intestine
ATP, sensitive pottassium channels,
verapamil and gastric acid
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Pancreozymin
Many
GI Tract
7 OF 10
liver
Item #
Cell Type Responsible for
Secretion
Target Organ or Tissue
Principle Action
Consequences of
Deficieny
Chemical Class
Consequences of Excess
Feed Back System
A
Extraglomerular Mesangial
Liver
Hormone released from the kidney that stimulates
thr production of red cells in the bone marrow
Anemia occurs in type 1 diabetes, renal
failure. Glycopreotein secreted to
increase red blood cells production in
response to oxygen deficiency
Glycoprotein
Anemia, too many red blood cells, kidney tumor
Negative
B
B-cell and Vit D, cells of the proximal
tubule of the nephron in the kidneys
Kidneys
Promote the absorption of calcium from food and
bone to mobilize calcium from the bone to the
blood.
Hypocalcemia and Osteoporosis
Peptide, Sterol Hormones
Hypercalcaemia
Negative
C
Adipocytes
Many
Plays a key role in regulating energy intake and
energy expenditure, including the regulation
(decrease) of appetite and (increase) of
metabolism. leptin also regulates reproductive
function by enhancing secretion of the
gonadotropin releasing hormone, and immune
function by enhancing the production of Th1 cells
Increased appetite, obesity, Type II
Diabetes
Protein
Decreased Appetite
Negative
Recombinant Human Leptin,
Fc-Leptin
wpcontent.answers.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptin
http://www.cags.org.ae/FMPro?DB=ctga.fp5&Format=ctga/ctga_detail.html&RecID=34627&-Find
D
Theca Cells, Granulosa Cells
Many
Essential for maintaining normal female functions
and are normally produced by the ovaries.
Gonadotropin Hormone Disfunction,
Vasomotor symptoms, atrophic vaginitis,
and vulvar atrophy associated with
menopause, and for the prevention of
osteoporosis due to estrogen defficieny
Ketone, Steroid
Weight Gain and prostate enlargement in men.
Negative
Estragyn 5®, Estro-A™,
Estrone, Primestrin®
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrone
www.riversideonline.com
E
All Tissues and Organs
All Tissues and Organs
F
G cells
Stomach and Duodenum
G
K cells
Small Intestine
H
S cells
Pancreas
I
I-cells
Pancreas and Gallbladder
Illustration of Target Organ or Tissue
Prostaglandins serve as a catalyst for a large
number of processes including the movement of
calcium and other substances into and out of
cells, dilation and contraction, inhibition and
promotion of blood clotting, regulation of
secretions including digestive juices and
hormones, control of fertility, cell division and
growth.
Natriuresis, diuresis and blood pressure.
Schizophrenia.
Eicosanoids, Prostanoid
Dysmenorrhea
Negative
Indigestion, Leads to Hypochlorhydria,
where acid production is low. Bacterial
overgrowth leading to diarrhea and
decrease in absorption of nutrients.
Peptide
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, Stomic produces
Hydrochloricacid causing Tumors and Peptide
Ulcers. Duodenum Tumor, Pancreatic Cholera
Syndrome
Negative
Stimulates insulin secretion after enteral nutrient Obesity, Pancreas Morphology and Bone
ingestion.
Strength Decreased
Peptide
Cushing's Syndrome
Negative
Action of the latter peptide on the avian pancreas.
Autism, pancreatitis, pancreatic
A hormone made by glands in the small intestine secretion, Vitamin B12 deficeincy due to
that acts to stimulate pancreatic secretions.
pernicious anaemia
Peptide
Gastic Acidity and Pancreas Contrasted
Dramatically
Negative
Peptide
Bulimia nervosa
Negative
Stimulates secretion of gastric acid by the parietal
cells of the stomach
A hormone secreted by the small intestine that
stimulates the pancreas to release its digestive
enzymes and the gallbladder to contract and
release bile
Less Bile Secretion
8 OF 10
Drugs Associated with the
Imbalance
Epogen, Procrit, Eprex,
Dextrose
Rocaltrol (Roche), Calcijex
(Abbott) and Decostriol
(Mibe, Jesalis,
Antihypertensive Drugs
Reference
www.best-vitamin-supplementsguide.com/images,www3.interscience.wil
ey.com
http://www.drugs.com/ppa/epoetin-alfaerythropoietin-epo.html
www.minnpost.com/.../large_KidneyDiagr
am,biochemistryquestions.wordpress.co
m
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/calcitriol.html
NSAIDs (inhibit
cyclooxygenase)
Corticosteroids (inhibit
www.elmhurst.edu/.../images/556prostag
phospholipase A2
landin
production)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin
COX-2 selective inhibitors or
journals.cambridge.org
coxibs
Cyclopentenone
prostaglandins
Omeprazole
Glucose-dependent
insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
Drug: Modified GIP (GIP
analog)
SecreFlo™, ChiRhoStim®
cholecystokinin (Injection
route), CCK, pancreozymin
www.chemicalbook.com/StructureFile,w
ww.chemicalbook.com
http://www.drugs.com/international/omegastrin.html
www.chemicalbook.com/StructureFile,
journals.prous.com
http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT002397
07
www.chemicalbook.com/StructureFile,bio
inf-tomcat.charite
http://www.rxlist.com/secreflo-drug.htm
www.chemicalbook.com/StructureFile,jou
rnals.prous.com
http://www.drugs.com/cons/cholecystoki
nin-injection.html
Item #
Secretion Initiated By
Secretion Inhibited By
Hormone
J
Chorion, a fetal tissue component of
the placenta
Inhibited in GnRH secretions by
estrogens and progesterone
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
HCG
Pelvic Cavity
Placenta
K
Syncytiotrophoblast
Dopamine
Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (hCS)
Growth Hormone (GH), Human
Placental Lactogen
Pelvic Cavity
Placenta
L
By FSH ( Follicle stimulating
hormone) and LH (luteinizing)
hormone in the ovaries.
Menopause
Estrogen
Androgen, Oogenesis
Pelvic Cavity
Placenta (Corpus Luteum)
M
BY FSH ( Follicle stimulating
hormone) and LH (luteinizing)
hormone in the ovaries.
High levels of the hormone FSH
Progesterone
"Hormone of Pregnancy", Oogenesis
Pelvic Cavity
Placenta
N
Initiated by Cardiac Myocytes,
Calcium and Endopeptidase
Low blood pressure
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), or
Atriopeptin
Thoracic Cavity
Heart (Atria)
Angiotensin II
Renin Substrate
Abdominal Cavity
Liver
O
When blood volume is low, the
kidneys secrete renin. Renin
stimulates the production of
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers. Work
angiotensin. Angiotensin also
by blocking the binding of angiotensin II to
stimulates the secretion of the
muscles on blood vessels.
hormone aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex.
Molecular Structure of Hormones
Alternate Name
9 OF 10
Location of Major Endocrine Gland Organ Responsible for Secretion Illustrations of the Secreting Organ
breast and uterus, brain, bone, liver,
heart and other tissues.
Heart
Item #
Cell Type Responsible for
Secretion
Target Organ or Tissue
Illustration of Target Organ or Tissue
Principle Action
Consequences of
Deficieny
Chemical Class
Consequences of Excess
Feed Back System
Drugs Associated with the
Imbalance
Reference
Hypogonadotropic and Hypogonadism
Peptide
Preabsorption, gestational trophoblastic
disease during pregnancy, carbohydrate
substitution, antibody excess receptor peptide
and omission
Negative
Novarel, Ovidrel, Pregnyl,
Profasi, Chorex, Gonic,
HCG, Chorigon, Choron-10
www.chemicalbook.com/StructureFile,
www.chemicalbook.com
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/humanchorionic-gonadotropin-hcginjectable.html
Growth failure,short failure, congenital
malformation, delayed sexual maturity
Polypeptide
Pituitary tumor composed of somatotroph cells
of the anterior pituitary
Negative
Placental Lactogen Human
Recombinant
http://www.prospecbio.com/Placental_La
ctogen_Human_2_125/
J
B-cell
Corpus Luteum of the Ovary
A hormone produced by the cells fo the early
embryo (blastocyst) and the placenta that
maintains the corpus luteum for approximately the
first 3 months of pregnancy. HCG enters the
bloostream of the mother and is excreted in her
urine. HCG forms the basis for many pregnancy
tests.
K
Somatotroph Cells
Liver
Stimulates growth and cell reproduction in
humans and other animals.
A steroid hormone produced by the follicle cells
and the corpus luteum in the ovary. Estrogen
helps oocytes mature, stimulates cell division in
the endometrium and the breats with each uterine
cycle, and maintains secondary sex
characteristics.
L
Developing Follicles
Breast and Uterus, Brain, Bone, Liver,
Heart and other Tissues
M
Testicular Cells
Uterus and Embryo
N
O
Atrial Myocytes
Juxtaglomerular cells
Low estrogen levels during pregnancy
can reduce future fertility for female
offspring.
Menopause, breast tenderness, muscles
Involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy aches, premenstrual symptoms will be
(supports gestation ) and embryogenesis
affected, moodiness, irritably, depression
with fatigue and drowsiness
Heart
It is involved in the homeostatic control of body
water, sodium, potasssiuman and fat (adipose
tissue). It is released by muscle cells in the upper
chambers (atria) of the heart (atrial myocytes, in
response to the high blood pressure. ANP acts to
reduce the water, sodum and adipose loads on
the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood
pressure.
Kidneys
Angiotensin II is a natural substance in your body
that affects your cardiovascular system by
narrowing your blood vessels. This narrowing can
increase your blood pressure and force your heart
to work harder. Angiotensin II also starts the
release of a hormone that increases the amount
of sodium and water in your body, which can lead
to increased blood pressure. Angiotensin II can
also thicken and stiffen the walls of your blood
vessels and heart.
Increased Blood Pressure
Hypotension
10 OF 10
Alora3, Angeliq4, Climara5,
Climara Pro6, Combipatch7
,Delestrogen, Enjuvia8,
Estraderm9, Estrasorb10,
femhrt11,
www.fibroidsetc.com
Femring12,Prefest13
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/Inf
Tablets, Premarin14,
ormationbyDrugClass/ucm135318.htm
Premarin Intravenous15,
Premarin Vaginal Cream16,
PREMPRO/PREMPHASE17
, Vivelle18, Vivelle-Dot19
Steroid
Nausea, headaches, heavy bleeding, breast
tenderness and hormonla imbalance
Negative
Steroid
Hormones changes during the normal
menstrual cycle, body fat
Negative
Polypeptide
Low Blood Pressure
Negative
Omapatrilat (Not approved by
content.onlinejacc.org
FDA), others being
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_natriure
developed, Vasopressin
tic_peptide
Negative
Captopril, Candesartan
(Atacand), Eprosartan
(Teveten), Irbesartan
www.minnpost.com/.../large_KidneyDiagr
(Avapro), Losartan (Cozaar),
am,www.ganfyd.org/images
Olmesartan (Benicar),
www.mayoclinic.com
Telmisartan (Micardis),
Catecholamine,
Valsartan (Diovan)
Oligopeptide
Hypertension, Heart Failure, Liver Failure
First Progesterone MC10,
First Progesterone MC5,
Progest, Prometrium
image.absoluteastronomy.com
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/progesterone
.html