Download WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism

WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism
WHI.05: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
Notes
a)
evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War;
b)
characterizing life in Athens during the golden Age of Pericles;
c)
citing contributions in drama, poetry, history, sculpture, architecture, science, mathematics, and philosophy, with
emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle;
d)
explaining the conquest of Greece by Macedonia and the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 69
Essential Understandings of Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism
1.
Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece helped cause the
Peloponnesian War
2.
Athenian culture during the Classic Era, became one of the foundation stones of Western
civilization
3.
The Macedonian conquest of Greece followed the weakening of Greek defenses during the
Peloponnesian Wars
4.
Alexander the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his
vast empire
Essential Questions about Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism
1. Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of Greek culture?
2. Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek
culture?
3. What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization?
4. How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic
culture?
Why do I need to know this?
1.
At its height, Greece set lasting standards in art, politics, literature, and philosophy that are still
adhered to today.
2.
Alexander’s empire extended across three continents that today consist of many nations and
diverse cultures.
3.
Western civilization today continues to be influenced by Greek and Hellenistic cultures.
Notes
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 70
Greece’s Golden Age
Pericles’
Three Goals
for Athens
1.
2.
3.
Greek
Sculpture
1.
2.
3.
4.
Greek
Columns
1.
2.
3.
Greek Drama
1.
2.
3.
Notes
create a stronger democracy – increased the number of paid public officials, so more poor people were
able to participate
a. direct democracy – a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through
representatives
b. made Athens one of the most democratic governments in history
hold and strengthen the Athenian empire – used money from the Delian League’s
treasury to build Athens’ 200-ship navy into the strongest in the Mediterranean
glorify Athens – used the money from the Delian League to rebuild and beautify Athens
a. took 15 years to build the Parthenon – temple dedicated to Athena
classical art – values order, balance, and proportion
within the Parthenon stood a giant statue of Athena (over 38 feet tall), sculpted by Phidias
sculptors created figures that were graceful, strong, and perfectly formed – did not show laughter or
anger, only serenity
tried to capture the grace of the idealized human body in motion
Doric – the simplest of the Greek columns, has 20 sides and no base
Ionic – a little more decorative and taller than Doric; has 24 flutes – carved lines from the top to the
bottom; has two scrolls (swirls) at the top and it has a base; isn’t straight – it’s narrower at the top and
bottom and swells a little in the middle
Corinthian – most decorative of the columns; has 24 flutes and a base like the Ionic; has four scrolls and
two rows of leaves at the top; roofs are usually flat
invented drama built the first theaters in the west
Tragedy – a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
a. famous tragedians – Aeschylus (The Oresteia), Sophocles (Oedipus Rex) and Euripedes (Medea)
Comedy – contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor
a. famous comedian – Aristophanes (The Birds and Lysistrata)
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 71
Greek Columns
DIRECTIONS: Using your notes, correctly name each type of column and label the parts.
.
DIRECTIONS: Using your notes, fill in the ovals for Pericles’s goals for Athens, then answer the question at the
bottom of the page.
Pericles’s Goals for
Athens
Which of these goals had the greatest impact on the modern world (specifically the US)? Why?
Notes
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 72
Peloponnesian War
Sparta v.
Athens
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sparta declared war against Athens in 431 B.C.
Athens had the strongest sea power in Greece, Sparta had the advantage on land
Pericles’s strategy was to avoid land battles and wait behind the city walls for an opportunity to strike
Sparta’s allies from the sea
grain boats carried in the plague and it killed roughly one-third to one-half of Athens’s population,
including Pericles
Athens suffered a huge defeat at Syracuse (one of Sparta’s allies)
Athens surrendered in 404 B.C.
Athens lost its empire and general confidence in democratic government began to falter
Philosophers Search for Truth
Socrates
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plato
Aristotle
Notes
1.
2.
believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice
encouraged Greeks to go further and question themselves and their moral character
when he was 70 years old, he was brought to trial for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting
the city’s gods.”
condemned to death
3.
one of Socrates’ students
wrote The Republic – sets forth his vision of the perfectly governed society, an oligarchy and that society
should be ruled by a philosopher king
founded a school called The Academy
1.
2.
3.
4.
one of Plato’s students
invented a method for arguing according to the rules of logic
worked in the fields of psychology, physics and biology
his most famous pupil will be Alexander the Great
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 73
Alexander the Great Builds an Empire
Illustrated Timeline
DIRECTIONS: Using the timeline at the top of page 131 in your book, fill in the important events on the timeline.
Then pick one of the events and draw a picture to represent that event at the bottom of the page.
Notes
336 BC
334 BC
327 BC
323 BC
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 74
Alexander the Great
Philip II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ruled a Greek speaking country to the north of Greece called Macedonia
dreamed of taking control of Greece and taking revenge on the Persians for invading Greece
the Athenian orator Demosthenes tried to warn the Greeks of the Macedonian threat
Philip conquered Greece in 338 BC
never got the chance to invade Persia (assassinated at his daughter’s wedding)
Alexander the
Great
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
became king at 20 years old; studied under Aristotle
excellent military leader
invaded Persia and smashed the Persian army at every battle; Persians led by Darius III
marched into Egypt where he was welcomed as a liberator and crowned a pharaoh
a. founded the city of Alexandria
Alexander’s victory at Gaugamela ended Persia’s power
a. found Darius III dead, assassinated by one of his own governors
Alexander’s empire reached all the way to India
Alexander’s army refused to go any further, so they returned to Babylon
in 323 B.C., Alexander died and his top three generals divided up the empire
1.
2.
3.
4.
thousands of Greek artists, merchants, and officials followed him during his conquests
Alexander adopted Persian dress and customs and married a Persian woman
included Persians and people from other lands in his army
a new culture emerged from the blend of Greek, Egyptian and Eastern customs
5.
Alexander’s
Legacy
Notes
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 75
Alexander the Great's Empire
Notes
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 76
Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Hellenistic
Culture in
Alexandria
1.
2.
3.
Astronomy
1.
2.
Math and
Science
1.
2.
3.
4.
Notes
Hellenistic culture – blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures
Location – occupied a strategic site on the western edge of the Nile delta
a. population exceeded over half million; Greeks, Jews, Egyptian mingled with visitors from the
rest of Africa, Persia and India
attractions
a. broad avenues were lined with statues of Greek gods
b. magnificent royal palaces overlooked the harbor
c. an enormous stone lighthouse called the Pharos
d. a museum that contained art galleries, a zoo, botanical gardens and even a dining hall
e. the library – contained over half a million papyrus scrolls and was the first true
research library in the world
Aristarchus estimated that the sun was 300 times larger than the earth (1,300,000
times the size of the earth
a. proposed the earth and other planets revolved around the sun
Ptolemy incorrectly place the earth at the center of the solar system and his view will be
accepted for 14 centuries
Euclid – highly regarded mathematician who opened a school of geometry in
Alexandria
Pythagoras - philosopher, musician, and mathematician who is credited with the
2
2
2
formulation of the Pythagorean theorem (a + b =c )
Archimedes – explained the law of the lever and invented the compound pulley to lift
heavy objects
a. also invented the Archimedes screw, a device that raised water from the ground, and a
catapult
Hippocrates - known as the father of Western medicine; founded a school of medicine; made medicine
its own distinct field (earlier it was part of religion); attributed with establishing an ethical code in
practicing medicine
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 77
The Legacy of Greece
DIRECTIONS: Copy the “Visual Summary” from page 136 of your book into the chart below. Make the chart
colorful by outlining the boxe3s, highlighting the information, etc.
Government
Arts
Greek Civilization
Culture
Notes
Science and Technology
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 78
Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Historians
1.
2.
Sculpture
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Herodotus - father of history; first historian to systematically collect data and test materials for accuracy
a. wrote The Histories, which tells about the Persian Wars
Thucydides - wrote about the Peloponnesian War; father of political realism which describes the
relations between countries as based on military strength rather than ethics and morals
Colossus of Rhodes – bronze statue that stood over 100 feet tall
created realistic and emotional works; also created more natural works
carved ordinary people such as an old, wrinkled peasant woman
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 79
Summary
DIRECTIONS: Choose one of the following:
a) write a summary (25-75 words) of what you believe was the most important aspect of the notes/lecture
b) write what you believe to be the most interesting or memorable part of the notes/lecture (25-75 words)
c) draw something that symbolizes the notes/lecture to you (has to be different than your title page)
Notes
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 80
Name:
WHI.05 (1): Ancient Greece
DIRECTIONS: Check the agenda slide for the bellringer at the beginning of class and the closer at the end of class. You do
not have to copy down the question, but you do have to write in complete sentences. If you are absent on a day we do a
bellringer and closer, please write in the word ABSENT for that day.
Bellringers
Closing Activity
Date:
Date:
Date:
Notes
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 81
Name:
WHI.05 (1): Ancient Greece
DIRECTIONS: Check the agenda slide for the bellringer at the beginning of class and the closer at the end of class. You do
not have to copy down the question, but you do have to write in complete sentences. If you are absent on a day we do a
bellringer and closer, please write in the word ABSENT for that day.
Bellringers
Closing Activity
Date:
Date:
Date:
Notes
WHI.05: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism 82