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• Effects of Volcanic Eruptions Objectives Explain how volcanic eruptions can affect climate. • Compare craters, calderas, and lava plateaus. http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/files/imagecache/news/files/news/200909 23_stromboli.jpg I. Volcanic Eruptions and Climate Change A. Change in Temperature As volcanic ash and gases spread throughout the atmosphere, they can block enough sunlight to cause global temperatures to drop. Such a change in temperature can disrupt climates all over the world. II. Different Types of Volcanoes A. Volcanic eruptions can cause profound changes in climate, but the changes to the Earth’s surface are more familiar. B. Perhaps the best known of all volcanic landforms are the volcanoes themselves. II. Different Types of Volcanoes C. There are three basic types of volcanoes: II. Different Types of Volcanoes D. Shield volcanoes are built of layers of lava that are released from repeated nonexplosive eruptions. The lava spreads out over a wide area, creating a volcano with gently sloping sides. II. Different Types of Volcanoes E. Cinder cone volcanoes are made of pyroclastic material usually produced from moderately explosive eruptions. The pyroclastic material forms steep slopes. II. Different Types of Volcanoes F. Composite volcanoes are formed from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material, followed by quieter flows of lava. These formations, among the most common types of volcanoes, have broad bases and sides that get steeper toward the top. III. Other Types of Volcanic Landforms A. Craters Around the central vent at the top of many volcanoes is a funnel-shaped pit called a crater. B. Calderas A caldera is a large, semicircular depression that forms when the chamber that supplies magma to a volcano partially empties and the chamber’s roof collapses. III. Other Types of Volcanic Landforms C. Lava Plateaus A landform that results from repeated eruptions of lava spread over a large area is called a lava plateau. Caldera Lava Plateau