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Transcript
KEY CONCEPT Volcanoes affect Earth’s land, air, and water. STANDARDS 8–2.3 Explain how Earth’s history has been influenced by catastrophes (including the impact of an asteroid or comet, climatic changes, and volcanic activity) that have affected the conditions on Earth and the diversity of its life-forms. NOW, you will learn • Rock fragments, lava, and gases erupt from volcanoes • Some volcanoes have explosive eruptions • How volcanic eruptions affect Earth’s surface • How volcanic gases affect the atmosphere • How volcanic activity affects water THINK ABOUT Which volcano is more dangerous? Mauna Loa is a shield volcano that forms a large part of the island of Hawaii. It is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth, frequently producing large amounts of lava that flow long distances. Mount Shasta is a composite volcano in California. It has erupted at least once every 600 to 800 years for the past 10,000 years. Mount Shasta can erupt with devastating violence. Which volcano do you think it is more dangerous to live near. Why? VOCABULARY acid rain p. 276 geyser p. 277 CONTENT FRAME BEFORE, you learned Mauna Loa Mount Shasta Volcanic eruptions affect the land. Add a content frame for how eruptions affect Earth’s land and air. Include categories for what dangers are caused and how long the dangers last. A volcanic eruption can knock down forests and clog rivers with volcanic ash. Damage can occur far from the volcano. But volcanoes build as well as destroy. Material erupted from volcanoes can form new land. Over time, lava flows can form new, rich soil. Many towns and cities are located close to volcanoes. The people of Goma in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo experienced an eruption of a nearby volcano in 2002. A lava flow cut the city in half and destroyed the homes of tens of thousands of people, either by flowing into the homes or by starting fires. Hilo (HEE-loh), the largest city on the island of Hawaii, is built in part on young lava flows. The city is at high risk from future volcanic activity. 272 Unit 2: The Changing Earth