Download Unit 6 Difficults Name: Date: ______ 1. The “psychic secretions” that

Unit 6 Difficults
Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. The “psychic secretions” that interfered with Pavlov's experiments on digestion were
A) unconditioned responses.
B) primary reinforcers.
C) conditioned responses.
D) conditioned stimuli.
E) conditioned reinforcers.
2. A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating
a delicious, mouth-watering meal. Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled
with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a
A) US.
B) CS.
C) UR.
D) CR.
E) SA.
3. An experimenter plans to condition a dog to salivate to a light by pairing the light with food. The
dog will learn to salivate to the light most quickly if the experimenter presents the light
A) five seconds before the food.
B) a half-second before the food.
C) at precisely the same time as the food.
D) a half-second after the food.
E) five seconds after the food.
4. Wolves that were tempted into eating sheep carcasses laced with poison develop an aversion to
sheep meat. Which of the following provided the initial evidence leading to this practice?
A) Robert Rescorla's research on the importance of cognition in classical conditioning
B) B. F. Skinner's studies on intermittent schedules of reinforcement
C) Martin Seligman's research on learned helplessness
D) John Garcia's studies on the importance of biological predispositions in conditioning
E) Edward L. Thorndike's research on the law of effect
5. To assess whether Mrs. Webster had Alzheimer's disease, researchers conditioned her to blink
in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face. In this
application of classical conditioning, the sound was a
A) US.
B) UR.
C) CS.
D) CR.
E) NS.
6. Because Saleem was spanked on several occasions for biting electric cords, he no longer does
so. Saleem's behavior change best illustrates the value of
A) negative reinforcement.
B) classical conditioning.
C) conditioned reinforcers.
D) operant conditioning.
E) observational learning.
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Unit 6 Difficults
7. Which of the following terms best describes an operant behavior?
A) automatic
B) reflexive
C) voluntary
D) instinctive
E) unlearned
8. B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called
A) shaping.
B) behaviorism.
C) observational learning.
D) the law of effect.
E) latent learning.
9. Every Saturday morning, Arnold quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father
will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a(n)
A) positive reinforcer.
B) unconditioned response.
C) conditioned response.
D) negative reinforcer.
E) punishment.
10. A child who is punished for swearing at home but reinforced for swearing on the school
playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of
A) negative reinforcement.
B) instinctive drift.
C) discrimination.
D) extinction.
E) spontaneous reinforcement.
11. In explaining prosocial behavior, B. F. Skinner would most likely have emphasized
A) genetic influences.
B) empathy and compassion.
C) an unconscious need for social approval.
D) the internalization of moral values.
E) the beneficial consequences of prosocial behavior.
12. A learned association between two stimuli is central to
A) shaping.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) classical conditioning.
E) observational learning.
13. Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to
A) punishing.
B) extinguishing.
C) discriminating.
D) modeling.
E) generalizing.
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Unit 6 Difficults
14. Mr. Schneider frequently tells his children that it is important to wash their hands before meals,
but he rarely does so himself. Experiments suggest that his children will learn to
A) practice and preach the virtues of cleanliness.
B) practice cleanliness but not preach its virtues.
C) neither practice nor preach the virtues of cleanliness.
D) preach the virtues of cleanliness but not practice cleanliness.
E) preach the virtues of obeying parents but not notice the washing hands rule.
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Unit 6 Difficults
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
C
B
B
D
C
D
C
D
A
C
E
D
D
D
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