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Transcript
DNA DeoxyribonucleicAcid • Twistedladder shape • composedof chemicalunits called nucleotides NucleotideComposition • Aphosphategroup(PO4) • Asugar(calleddeoxyribose) • 1of4nitrogenbasemolecules –Adenine –Thymine –Cytosine –Guanine • 2complimentarynucleotide chainscombinetoformDNA • phosphatesandsugarsform arepeatingchainthatmakes upthe“backbone”ofaDNA molecule • nitrogenbasepair sticksoutfromthe sidesofthischain • The4nitrogen basesareadenine, cytosine,thymine andguanine • theonesideofthechain attachestoitsotherhalfby hydrogenbondsbetweenthe nitrogenbaseonthe oppositestrand BasePairing • the2nucleotidesconnected onoppositesidesof complementarystrandsof theDNAmolecule • AdenineandThymine, CytosineandGuanine HistoryofDNA • Erwin Chargaff– discovered theoneto oneratio betweenC andGandA andT • RosalindFranklin– fireda beamofX-raysatthehairlike threadofDNAandtheX-ray changeddirection • createdanX– interpretedto beahelixmolecule • weuseFranklin’sworktoday whenwegotothedentist… • shealsodiscoveredthe phosphategroupwasonthe outside(backbone) • MauriceWilkinsshowedher worktoWatsonandCrick withoutherknowledge WatsonandCrick • “founders” ofDNA • Canadian • WatsonandCrickused Franklin’sfindingstohelp assembleaworkingstructure • TheyreceivedaNobelPrize fortheir“work”in1962 Histones • aproteinthatactslike aspoolforDNAto windaround– ithelps tocompactand packageDNAinthe nucleus DNAReplication • theprocessofmaking2DNA moleculesfromoneoriginal moleculepriortocelldivision • happensbeforemitosisto makesureDNAisthesame DuringReplication 1. DNAuntwisted 2. Hbondsarebroken 3. Strandsseparate(likea zipper)– DNAhelicase 4. Freefloatingbasespairup GeneticCode • likeMorseCode– wecan readourgenes • Geneisarecipeformakinga protein • Chromosome=recipebook AminoAcids • oneofthe20possible buildingblocksofproteins determinedbythegenetic codeofDNA • actasingredientsfor proteinsgivenbyagene DNATripletCode • threeadjacentnitrogen basesfoundonagenethat codesfortheaminoacidto beproduced,beginorend thereadingofagene Workworkwork • CompletetheTopic12Practicequestions! • Whenyouaredone,pleaseworkonyourlab report!
