Download According to Newton`s ______ law, an object with no net force

PHYSICS
2nd Semester FINAL EXAM REVIEW (2012)
An equation sheet will be provided for you on exam day.
You may use a 3x5 Card (handwritten) to assist you on the exam.
UNIT 5 — Periodic Motion
P2.2D
P3.4D
P3.6B
P3.6d
P3.6e
P2.1h
P2.2f
State that uniform circular motion involves acceleration without a change in speed.
Identify the force(s) acting on objects moving with uniform circular motion (e.g., a car on a circular track,
satellites in orbit).
Predict how the gravitational force between objects changes when the distance between them changes.
Calculate force, masses, or distance, given any three of these quantities, by applying the Law of
Universal Gravitation, given the value of G.
Draw arrows (vectors) to represent how the direction and magnitude of a force changes on an object in
an elliptical orbit.
Identify the changes in speed and direction in everyday examples of circular (rotation and revolution),
periodic, and projectile motions.
Describe the relationship between changes in position, velocity, and acceleration during periodic
motion.
1. (P2.2D) Describe the acceleration and speed of an object that is experiencing uniform circular motion.
2. (P3.4D). Identify the force(s) acting on the objects moving with uniform circular motion:
a. a ball attached to a string
b. a car on a circular track.
c. a satellite in orbit.
3. (P3.6B) What will happen to the gravitational force if you do the following:
a. double the distance between two masses.
b. cut the distance in half between the two masses.
4. (P3.6d) What is the universal law of gravitation?
5. (P3.6d) Determine the force of gravitational attraction between the earth (m = 5.98x10 24 kg) and a 70kg physics
student if the student is standing at sea level, a distance of 6.38x10 6 m from the earth’s center.
6. (P3.6d) Suppose that you have a mass of 70 kg. How much mass must another object have in order for your body
and the other object to attract each other with a force of 1 N when separated by 10 m?
7. (P3.6e) Draw vectors at each point of the on the diagram below to represent how the direction and magnitude of a
force changes on an elliptical orbit.
8. (P2.1h) Describe the speed and direction of a car experiencing uniform circular motion.
9. (P2.1H) Describe the speed and direction of a pendulum that is swinging back and forth.
10. (P2.2f) As a pendulum is swinging, at which point in its motion will it have the greatest velocity? At which point will it
have the greatest acceleration?
11. (P2.2f) The following diagram shows a block that oscillates without friction on the end of a spring. The X min and X
max represent the minimum and maximum lengths of the spring during oscillation. Draw a graph that represents the
simple harmonic motion of the spring.
UNIT 6 — Mechanical Energy
P4.1c
P4.1d
P4.3A
P4.3e
P4.3f
P4.1A
P4.2A
Explain why work has a more precise scientific meaning than the meaning of work in everyday language.
Calculate the amount of work done on an object that is moved from one position to another.
Identify the form of energy in given situations (e.g., moving objects, stretched springs, rocks on cliffs,
energy in food).
Calculate the changes in kinetic and potential energy in simple mechanical systems (e.g., pendulums,
roller coasters, ski lifts) using the formulas for kinetic energy and potential energy.
Calculate the impact speed (ignoring air resistance) of an object dropped from a specific height or the
maximum height reached by an object (ignoring air resistance), given the initial vertical velocity.
Account for and represent energy into and out of systems using energy transfer diagrams.
Account for and represent energy transfer and transformation in complex processes (interactions).
1. (P4.1c) Give examples of the more precise scientific meaning than the meaning of work in everyday language.
2. (P4.1d) A hockey puck is sliding across the ice. A player exerts a constant force of 4.5 N over a distance of 0.15 m.
How much work does the payer do on the puck?
3. (P4.1d) A 0.15 kg ball falls 2.5 m, How much work does the force of gravity do on the ball?
4. (P4.1d) A sailor pulls a boat 30 m along a dock using a rope that makes an 25 degree angle with the horizontal. How
much work does the sailor do on the boat if he exerts a force of 255 N on the rope?
5. (P4.3A)A 6 kg rock falls from a cliff that is 10 meters high. What is the rock’s energy at the top of the cliff? What is
the rocks energy just before it strikes the ground?
6. (P4.3A) A bungee cord is stretched to its maximum amount, what form of energy is on the cord?
7. (P4.3e) A pendulum has a bob with a mass of 1.0 kg. The length of the pendulum is .07 m. The bob is released
when it is horizontal to the pivot point. What is the kinetic energy when it is at its lowest point.
8. (P4.3f) A 2 kg ball is dropped from a height of 4.5 m, at what speed does the ball strike the floor?
9. (P4.3f) A 1,000 kg car approaches a hill at a speed of 35 m/s. If the car coasts up the hill, at what height will the car
com to the rest?
10. (P4.1A) Draw an energy diagram to represent the PE & KE energy transfer of the following (include Heat & Chemical
energy when it applies):
a. a ball being dropped from a building.
b. a child swinging on a swing
c. a car driving on the road at a constant speed.
d. a car skidding to a stop on a flat (level) road.
11. (P4.2A) Use the diagram below to answer the following question (assume no friction or air resistance).
Describe the energy transformation(s) if the skier starts at point A and moves to point C.
UNIT 7 — Mechanical Waves
P4.1B
P4.4A
P4.4d
P4.5C
P4.5D
P4.8c
Explain instances of energy transfer by waves in everyday activities (eg., why the ground gets warm
during the day, how you hear a distant sound).
Describe specific mechanical waves (e.g., on a demonstration spring, on the ocean) in terms of
wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed.
Demonstrate that frequency and wavelength of a wave are inversely proportional in a given medium.
Provide evidence to support the claim that sound is energy transferred by a wave, not energy transferred
by particles.
Explain how waves propagate from vibrating sources and why the intensity decreases with the square of
the distance from a point source.
Describe how two wave pulses propagated from opposite ends of a demonstration spring interact as
they meet.
1. (P4.1B) Using the idea that waves transfer energy:
a. Explain why the ground gets warm during the day.
b. Explain how you hear distance sound.
2. (P4.4A) Identify the type of graph (position-position, position-time, or both) you would use to identify the amplitude,
frequency, wavelength, and speed.
3. (P4.4A) Using the graph(s) listed above, how would you determine the amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and speed.
4. (P4.4d) If you increase the frequency of a wave, what will happen to the wavelength.
5. (P4.4d) Calculate the frequency of violet light with a wavelength of 4.0x10 -7m. (speed of light is 3.0x108m/s)
6. (P4.4d) Calculate the wavelength of a wave if the wave is traveling at a speed of 15 m/s and has a frequency of 8 Hz.
7. (P4.5C) Provide an example that sound is energy transferred by a wave, not energy transferred by particles.
8. (P4.5D) What happens to the intensity of sound if the distance between the source and observer is cut in half.
9. (P4.8c) Describe constructive and destructive interference of two wave pulses traveling towards each other.
UNIT 8 — Electromagnetic Waves
P4.6A
P4.8A
P4.8e
P4.9B
P4.9C
Identify the different regions on the electromagnetic spectrum and compare them in terms of
wavelength, frequency, and energy.
Draw ray diagrams to indicate how light reflects off objects or refracts into transparent media.
Given an angle of incidence and indices of refraction of two materials, calculate the path of a light ray
incident on the boundary (Snell’s Law).
Explain how various materials reflect, absorb, or transmit light in different ways.
Explain why the image of the Sun appears reddish at sunrise and sunset.
1. (P4.6A) List the electromagnetic waves in order of increasing energies.
2. (P4.6A) As the energy of the waves increases, what happens to the frequency and wavelength of the waves.
3. (P4.8A) A light ray strikes a mirror at an angle of 30°. Draw a ray diagram showing the reflected light ray.
4. (P4.8A & 4.8e) A light ray in air (n=1.00) strikes glass (1.5) at an angle of 25°. Calculate the angle of refraction and
draw the ray diagram.
5. (P4.9B)Describe what happens when white light hits a smooth/shiny surface and a rough/not shiny surface.
6. (P4.9B)What colors are absorbed and/or reflected off of a black surface, white surface, and a blue surface.
7. (P4.9C) Explain why the image of the sun appears reddish at sunrise and sunset.
UNIT 9 — Electric Forces
P3.7A
P3.7B
P3.7e
P3.7f
P3.7g
P3.8b
Predict how the electric force between charged objects varies when the distance between them and/or
the magnitude of charges change.
Explain why acquiring a large excess static charge (e.g., pulling off a wool cap, touching a Van de Graaff
generator, combing) affects your hair.
Explain why an attractive force results from bringing a charged object near a neutral object.
Determine the new electric force on charged objects after they touch and are then separated.
Propose a mechanism based on electric forces to explain current flow in an electric circuit.
Explain how the interaction of electric and magnetic forces is the basis for electric motors, generators,
and the production of electromagnetic waves.
1. (P3.7A) Two charges, qA and qB, are separated by a distance, d, and exert a force, F, on each other. What new force
will exist if…
a. qA is doubled?
b. qA and qB is cut in half?
c. d is tripled
d. d is cut in half?
2.
(P3.7B) Explain why acquiring a large excess static charge from rubbing your hair with a balloon affects your hair.
3. (P3.7e) Why is a charged object attracted to a neutral object?
4. (3.7 f) Two identical metal spheres are charged. One metal sphere has a charge of +2.0 C and the other metal
sphere has a charge of -2.0 C. The two spheres touch and are then separated by 0.2 m. What is the magnitude of
the force between them?
5.
(P3.7f) Two identical metal spheres are brought together. One has a charge of +6.0 C and the second is uncharged.
The two spheres touch, which causes the charge on each sphere to be equal. The charges are then separated by 0.5
m. What is the magnitude of the force between them?
6. (P3.7f) Two identical glass spheres are charged. One sphere is +4.0 C and the second is -4.0 C. The two spheres
touch and are then separated by 0.3 m. What is the magnitude of the force between them?
7. (P3.7g) Why does a current flow when you close a circuit?
8. (P3.8b) How are electric and magnetic forces used to make electric motors, generators, and the production of
electromagnetic waves.
UNIT 10 — Electrical Current
P4.10C Given diagrams of many different possible connections of electric circuit elements, identify complete
circuits, open circuits, and short circuits and explain the reasons for the classification.
P4.10D Discriminate between voltage, resistance, and current as they apply to an electric circuit.
P4.10g Compare the currents, voltages, and power in parallel and series circuits.
1. (P4.10C) Draw the following circuits: complete, open, short.
2. (P4.10D) Describe the relationships between voltage, resistance, and current as they apply to a series circuit and a
parallel circuit.
3. (4.10g) Compare current, voltage, and power in a series circuit and a parallel circuit.
4. (4.10g) Calculate the current for the each circuit below:
5. (4.10g) A 12-volt battery is connected in series to two identical light bulbs. The current in the circuit is 3 amps.
Calculate the power output of the battery.