Download 7th Grade Unit 1 Rules

1st 9-weeks
7th Grade
Grammar
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Complete Subject and Complete Predicate
o The complete subject is all of the words that make up the subject. It tells whom
or what the sentence is about.
▪ Ralph plays well. Ralph is the complete subject. The complete subject
will stop at the verb.
▪ That tall girl is the team captain. That tall girl is the complete subject. It
stops at the verb is.
o The complete predicate is all the words that make up the predicate. It tells what
the subject is, has, does, or feels.
▪ Bill jumped. Jumped is the complete predicate. It starts where the
subject ends.
▪ Some of the students sit in the bleachers. Sit in the bleachers is the
complete predicate.
o The most important word/words in the complete subject is the simple subject.
The most important word/words in the complete predicate is the simple
predicate (always a verb).
▪ That tall girl is the team captain. Girl is the simple subject and is is the
simple predicate.
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Direct Object
o A direct object follows an action verb and answer the question whom? Or
what?
o The direct object is always a noun or pronoun and it follows an action verb.
o To find a direct object, find the subject and then the action verb. Then ask
yourself "whom?" or "what?" after the verb. The answer to either question will be
the direct object.
▪ Mark has two tickets. Mark has what?
▪ Carrie invited them to her party. Carrie invited whom?
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1st 9-weeks
▪ My dog will bite you. Dog will bite whom?
▪ Did you memorize your speech? Reword questions to a sentence You did memorize your speech. You did memorize what?
▪ Uncle Luke sells hamsters and parakeets. Uncle Luke sells what?
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Indirect Object
o An indirect object follows an action verb and answers the question to or for
whom? Or to or for what?
o The indirect object is always a noun or pronoun. In order to have an indirect
object, the sentence must have a direct object.
o To find an indirect object, first find the direct object. Then ask yourself "to
whom?", "for whom?", "to what?", or "for what?" about the direct object. The
answers to any of these questions will be the indirect object.
▪ I threw the dolphins some fish. I threw what? Fish. To what? Dolphins.
▪ The guide gave everyone a sample. Guide gave what? Sample. To
whom? Everyone.
▪ The director assigned Lee the lead in the play. Director assigned what?
Lead. To whom? Lee.
▪ I took Mandy and Craig some water. I took what? Water. To whom?
Mandy and Craig.
▪ (You) Toss Carlos or me the ball. You toss what? The ball. To whom?
Carlos or me.
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1st 9-weeks
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Predicate Nouns (or Predicate Nominatives)
o Action verbs can have objects (direct and indirect objects). Linking verbs
connect the subject with a word that identifies it. This is called a predicate noun
(PN) or predicate nominative.
o A predicate noun follows a linking verb and renames the subject.
▪ Kelly and Mary are good friends.
▪ The words become pictures and emotions.
▪ Lord Byron and Percy Shelley were great poets.
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Predicate Adjectives
o Linking verbs can also connect the subject with a word that describes it. This is
called a predicate adjective (PA).
o A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject.
▪ The dog is hairy, short, and stout.
▪ Math becomes interesting with Ms. Boudreaux for a teacher.
▪ Some poems sound tragically sad.
* * * LINKING VERBS VS. ACTION VERBS - How do you tell the difference??? * * *
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Action verbs refer to a physical action that can be seen by other people. They can also
refer to mental actions that cannot be seen.
o
Example of physical action: The zoo keeper feeds the lions.
o
Example of mental action: She likes the wild animals best.
* * * Direct objects and indirect objects follow action verbs. * * *
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Linking verbs link, or connect, the subject with a noun or an adjective in the predicate
that names or describes the subject.
o
Example:
The zoo keeper felt tired.
The monkeys look comical.
* * * Predicate nouns and predicate adjectives follow linking verbs. * * *
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Some verbs can function as either linking or action verbs.
Linking verbs
Action verbs
The seal pond smells fishy.
The bear smells its food.
The zoo keeper felt tired.
She felt the bear's thick fur.
Remember to ask yourself if an action is being performed. If no physical or mental action is
taking place, it is a linking verb.
Common Linking Verbs
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be
shall be
had been
become
sound
am
shall have been
can be
would be
taste
is
will be
may be
appear
feel
are
will have been
might be
seem
was
has been
should be
look
were
have been
could be
smell
Prepositions
o Words that join other words or word groups are called connectives. One
important kind of connective is the preposition.
o Prepositions show relationships. Many prepositions, like against, in, near, on,
and through, help to show location. Others, like before, during, since, and until,
show a relationship of time. Still others show different kinds of relationships.
These others include about, for, from, like, of, to and with.
▪ I worked at noon.
I worked until noon.
I worked past noon.
o A preposition is a word used with a noun or pronoun, called its object, to
show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and some other word
in the sentence.
o A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, its object, and any
modifiers of the object.
▪
Notice the nouns used as objects of the prepositions in these phrases:
off base
except Max
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by the red car
beyond next June
1st 9-weeks
List of Prepositions
aboard
at
despite
in regard to
opposite
together with
about
away from
down
inside
out
through
above
back of
down from
inside of
out of
throughout
according to
because of
during
in spite of
outside
till
across
before
except
instead of
outside of
to
across from
behind
except for
into
over
toward
after
below
excepting
like
over to
under
against
beneath
for
near
owing to
underneath
along
beside
from
near to
past
until
alongside
besides
from among
notwithstanding
prior to
unto
alongside of
between
from between of
regarding
up
along with
beyond
from under
off
round
up to
amid
but
in
on
round about
upon
among
by
in addition to on account of
save
with
apart from
by means of
in behalf of
on behalf of
since
within
around
concerning
in front of
onto
subsequent to
without
aside from
considering
in place of
on top of
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