Download Review for the Final Exam

Name__________________________________
Optional homework assignment
Physics 206
Mr. Dristle
Review for the Final Exam
Directions: To receive credit for this assignment, you must submit it no later than the
beginning of the last regular day of class. This will count as an extra credit
homework assignment for those that turn it in on time. Keep a copy for yourself, as
you will not be getting this back. I will post the answers to this assignment on line,
after the last class.
1.
List, in order, all the steps of the scientific method.
2.
How is making a hypothesis different from taking a guess?
3.
In our first activity, we dropped a 3 x 5 slip of paper to the floor.
a.
What could you do to the paper so it would experience more friction with the air as
it falls? Put your answer in the form of a hypothesis.
b.
What would you expect to see happening if your hypothesis is correct?
c.
What could you do to the paper so it would experience less friction with the air as
it falls? Again, write it as a hypothesis.
d.
How would you know if you were correct?
4.
What does the term “net force” mean?
a.
Describe the kinds of motion an object can have if the net force on it is zero.
(2 answers)
b.
Describe the kinds of motion an object can have if the net force on it is not zero.
(3 answers)
5.
State Newton’s First Law of motion. (Don't omit any part of it.)
6.
Give an example of Newton’s First Law from your experiences riding on public
transportation. (school bus, commuter train, airplane etc.)
7.
Explain the meaning of Newton's Second Law of motion. Use a couple of examples.
8.
Define “inertia” and “momentum”. What units are each of them measured in?
a. How are the terms similar?
b. How are they different? Name a situation in which an object can have inertia but not
momentum.
9.
Define “force” and “impulse”. What units are each of them measured in?
a. How can you increase the impulse on an object but not the force?
b. How can you increase the force on an object but not the impulse?
Name__________________________________ Review for the Final Exam
Page 2
10.
Why are “impulse” and “momentum” measured in the same units? How are they related?
11.
Two scientists are discussing how they are going to move a “10 kilogram rock”.
a.
Are they talking about its mass or how much it weighs? Why does it matter?
b.
If the rock were on the Moon instead of the Earth, would they still refer to it as a
“10 kilogram rock”?
12.
Define “velocity” and “acceleration”.
a.
Describe a situation in which an object can have a velocity but no acceleration.
b.
Describe a situation in which an object can have an acceleration but no velocity.
c.
Explain the meaning of the units “m/s2” that are used for acceleration.
13.
The acceleration of gravity is supposed to be 9.8 m/s2. Explain how you use this to
predict how fast falling objects will be moving after a given amount of time has gone by.
14.
Explain how a well designed package can protect a fragile object (like a raw egg) from
getting broken when the package is dropped. Be sure to correctly use the following terms
in your explanation: Impulse, Force, Time, and Momentum.
15.
Give an example of a situation in which an object converts energy back and forth between
gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Draw a digram of this situation.
a.
In your diagram, label the position of the object where it has the most kinetic
energy and where it has the least kinetic energy?
b.
In your diagram, label the position of the object where it has the most potential
energy and where it has the least potential energy?
16.
How is the definition of the word “work” different in the field of physics from the way it
is used in everyday conversational language? Give an example of something that is
considered to be work in the ordinary sense, but not in the scientific sense.
17.
Name the metric units that are used for measuring the following quantities.
a.
work
d.
momentum
b.
energy
e.
inertia
c.
power
f.
force
18.
Define “power”.
a.
Describe a situation in which you can develop a lot of power but are doing very
little work.
b.
Describe a situation in which you are doing a lot of work but are developing very
little power.
19.
What does it mean to say that energy is dissipating?
a.
Name a form of energy that dissipates. Give an example.
b.
What does the force of friction have to do with this?
Name__________________________________ Review for the Final Exam
Page 3
20.
What’s the difference between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave?
Draw a picture of each.
Give an example of each.
21.
People often confuse a wave's “frequency” with its “velocity”. Explain what each term
means and why they are not referring to the same thing.
22.
Define the terms “wavelength”, “period”, and “amplitude”, as they refer to waves.
a.
Draw a diagram of wave on which you label its wavelength and amplitude.
b.
State the units of measurement used for wavelength, period, and amplitude.
23.
a.
b.
With which wave characteristic do we associate changes in a sound's pitch?
With which wave characteristic do we associate changes in a sound's loudness?
24.
a.
b.
With which wave characteristic do we associate changes in light's brightness?
With which wave characteristic do we associate changes in light's color?
25.
a.
b.
What kind of electric charges attract each other?
What kind of electric charges repel each other?
26.
a.
b.
What kind of magnetic poles attract each other?
What kind of magnetic poles repel each other?
27.
a.
b.
Name the particles in the atom that are charged positively.
Name the particles in the atom that are charged negatively.
28.
When you rub two uncharged objects together (like rubbing a vinyl comb through your
hair), they become charged up. Explain what’s happening to the + and – charges on the
objects that make this happen.
29.
a.
b.
30.
Name the 3 methods of transferring heat between objects.
Explain an example of how each one works in nature.
31.
a.
b.
c.
32
a.
b.
c.
33.
a.
b.
Draw a picture of the magnetic field between two unlike magnetic poles.
Draw a picture of the magnetic field between two like magnetic poles. (Be sure to
get the direction of the arrows correct in your drawings.)
State Archimedes principle.
Using Archimedes principle, explain why some objects float, and others sink.
Using the concept of “density”, explain why some object float, and others sink.
Define “pressure”.
What happens to the pressure within a fluid when you go deeper below the surface?
What happens to the pressure within a fluid when the fluid flows faster?
Name two different kinds of simple machines.
Explain how a simple machine can multiply force but not energy.
Name__________________________________ Review for the Final Exam
34.
a.
b.
35.
a.
b.
c.
36.
a.
b.
Page 4
Draw a diagram of a complete electric circuit that contains a battery (source),
switch (in the open position), and a light bulb. Indicate whether the bulb is “on” or “off”.
Redraw the diagram with the switch in the closed position. Indicate whether the bulb is
“on” or “off”.
Explain how you can tell the difference between a “series” circuit and a “parallel”
circuit.
Draw and label diagrams of a series and a parallel circuit.
State one advantage of each type of circuit.
What is meant by the ideal mechanical advantage of a pulley system?
How can you obtain the numerical value of the ideal mechanical advantage of a
pulley system by just looking at it?
Math problems: For each problem below, show all work. Show the equation, the
substitution of values into the equation (with units) and the correct answer with
units. (You will be given a sheet of equations for use on the final exam.)
37.
What is the average speed of a bicyclist that covers 28 meters of distance in 3.5 seconds?
38.
A child traveling at 5 m/s on a sled, passes her younger brother. If her acceleration on the
sledding hill is 2 m/s2, how fast is she traveling when she passes her older brother
4 seconds later?
39.
What is the acceleration of a 600 kg buffalo if the net force on the buffalo is 1800 newtons?
40.
A fully equipped astronaut weighs 1500 newtons when standing on the Earth's surface.
a.
What is the astronaut’s mass?
b.
If the astronaut has a weight of 555 newtons when standing on the surface of Mars,
then what is the acceleration of gravity on Mars?
41.
How much work is done by a tow truck that exerts a force of 2000 newtons on a car,
moving it 9 meters in the process?
42.
A 1.4 kg rifle fires a 0.002 kg bullet at 560 m/s. With what velocity does the rifle recoil?
43.
A jeweler puts a ring on a balance and finds its mass to be 12 grams. Then using a
graduated cylinder partially filled with water, he finds its volume to be 0.8 cm3. The
density of real gold is 19.3 g/cm3. Calculate the density of the piece of jewelry and state
whether or not it is really made of gold.
44.
A microwave oven develops 1380 watts when operating at maximum power. How much
current flows through it when plugged into a standard 120 volt electrical outlet?
45.
The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s. A siren gives off a sound of frequency 980 Hertz.
What is its wavelength?