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POPULATION BIOTIC POTENTIAL: REPRODUCTIVE RATE: NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTH, EGGS LAID, ETC. and RECRUITMENTS: MAKING IT THROUGH EARLY GROWTH STAGES TO BECOME A PART OF BREEDING, REPRODUCING POPULATION. POPULATION EXPLOSION: POPULATION CAN NOT GROW RAPIDLY INDEFINITLY. IF IT DID IT WILL GROW EXPONENTIALLY, AND EVENTUALLY EXPONENTIALLY DECREASES, DUE TO FAMINE, OR OTHER STRENUOS CAUSE (J CURVE). NORMALLY POPULATION INCREASES MODERATLEY UNTIL CERTAIN FACTORS, CALLED ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE, STOPS THE GROWTH AND A PLATEAU IS REACHED, GOIG UP AND DOWN SLOWLY (S CURVE). FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE: 1) ABIOTIC FACTORS: A) WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGE (TEMPERATURE) B) WATER AND MOISTURE C) WIND AND WAVE ACTION D) DISASTERS, FIRE, FLOOD AND STORM E) WASTE OF ONE ORGANISM MAY BE POISED FOR ANOTHER (E.G. PENICILLIN FROM MOLD KILLING BACTERIA) 2) BIOTIC FACTORS a. MIGRATION ( IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION) b. AVAILABILITY OF FOOD c. PREDATOR, PARASITE AND DISEASE d. NUMBER AND VARIETY OF ORGANISMS (THE MORE VARIETY OF ORGANISMS, THE BETTER CHANCE OF SURVIVAL FOR ALL ORGANISMS. THE MORE LIMITED THE NUMBER OF SPECIES, OR THE LESS THE GENE POOL, THE MORE GENETIC VULNERABILITY. HUMAN HISTORY OF POPULATION: A) HOMINID SPECIES: MAN-LIKE APE, 3-4 MILLION YEARS AGO. B) HOMOSAPIENS: 100,000 YEARS AGO. SMALL FAMILIES AND TRIBES, SURVIVED BY HUNTING AND GATHERING, NOMADIC, MIGRATING. SINCE IT WAS DIFFICULT TO MIGRATE WITH CHILDREN, THEY HAD LOW BIRTH RATES. C) 10-12000 YEARS AGO, MAN LEARNED TO DOMESTICATE PLANTS AND ANIMALS (TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES).AGRICULTURE BECAME MORE EFFICIENT. MORE CHILDREN COULD HELP THEM. THUS POPULATION INCREASED. D) 1800 AD –INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-CITIES GREW, GOODS BECAME MORE AVAILABLE, HUMAN POPULATION INCREASED DRASTICALLY. 10000 BC 5-10 MILLION 3000 BC 100 MILLION 0 250 MILLION 1500 AD 500 MILLION 1750 750 MILLION 1800 1 BILLION 1930 2 BILLION 1950 2.5 BILLION 1986 5 BILLION 2000 6 BILLION 2010 6.8 BILLION 2030 8.5 BILLION 2200 10 BILLION TERMINOLOGY: ZERO GROWTH (CARRY CAPACITY): # OF BIRTHS OF IMMIGRATION= # OF DEATH AND EMIGRATION POPULATION DENSITY: # OF INDIVIDUAL / UNIT AREA CRITICAL NUMBER: THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS TO SUPPORT BREEDING POPULATION THREATENED SPECIES: POPULATION DECLINING RAPIDLY ENDANGERED SPECIES: POPULATION APPROACHING CRITICAL # (LIONS AND ELEPHANTS) HUMAN POPULATION: IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 2.1 IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 2.7 TFR DEMOGRAPHY: STATISTICAL STUDY OF HUMAN POPULATION TFR: TOTAL FERTILITY RATE: THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN A WOMAN IN A GIVEN POPULATION, CAN BE EXPECTED TO BEAR DURING THE COURSE OF HER LIFE. MAJOR FACTORS CAUSING EXTINCTION: 1) DEFORESTATION AND DESTRUCTION OF A HABITAT: a. INCREASE OF HUMAN POPULATION b. AGRICULTURE, LOGGING, MINING, ROADS AND TOWNS ( A TYPICAL RAIN FOREST, 7% OF EARTH’S SURFACE, CONTAIN UP TO ¾ SPECIES IN THE WORLD) 2) INTRODUCITON OF FOREIGN SPECIES ( CHANGING THE BALANCE OF AN ECOSYSTEM AND ALSO BRINGS DISEASES) 3) HUNTING 4) PREDATION CONTROL 5) POLLUTION WHY WORRY ABOUT EXTINCTION? 1) PRESERVATION OF BEAUTY 2) ECONOMIC REASONS: a. SOURCE OF FOOD b. USEFUL GENETICS: GLOBAL GENETIC POOL IS DECREASED WITH EXTINCTION c. CHEMICAL AND MEDICINE d. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH