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Year 9 Suggested revision topics & practise questions
Topic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Revision guide pages
States of matter
Diffusion
Atomic structure
Covalent and ionic bonding
Reactivity of metals
Alkanes and Alkenes
Fractional distillation and cracking
Collins
4-5
6
9-12 & 34-35
20-24
47
58-62
89-90
CGP
1
2
3 & 8-9
10-14
34
45-47
70-72
You can access an online version of the CGP revision guide by log in at www.cgpbooks.co.uk (email
address:[email protected] and password: science)
Practice questions
Q1. The compound with the formula H2O can exist in three states of matter. The names of these
three states are shown in the boxes. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent changes of state.
(a) The particles of H2O are arranged differently in each state.
(i) In which state are the particles furthest apart?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) In which state do the particles have the least energy?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) In which state are the particles arranged in a regular pattern?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) (i) Change of state 1 is called
A
C
(1)
boiling
freezing
B
D
condensing
melting
(ii) Change of state 4 is called
A boiling
C freezing
B
D
condensing
melting
(1)
(c) The term sublimation is also used for a change of state.
Sublimation is the change of state from
(1)
A
C
solid to liquid
gas to liquid
B
D
liquid to gas
solid to gas
(d) Heat energy is released when steam changes to water.
(i) What term is used to describe this type of energy change?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the change of state from steam to water.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q2.
When ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas mix, they react together to form a white solid
called ammonium chloride.
The equation for the reaction is:
NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)
A cotton wool pad was soaked in ammonia solution and another was soaked in hydrogen
chloride solution. The two pads were then put into opposite ends of a dry glass tube at the same
time.
After five minutes, a white ring of solid ammonium chloride formed.
(a) (i) What name is given to the movement of the two gases?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Identify which gas is moving faster and give a reason for your choice.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature.
State and explain how this change would affect the time taken for the white ring to form.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Gas particles move at a speed of several hundred metres per second at room temperature.
Suggest one reason why it took five minutes for the white ring to form.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 6 marks)
Q3. Atoms contain three different types of particle. These are electrons, neutrons and protons.
(a) Which one of the three particles has a negative charge?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Use words from the box to complete the sentences below. Each word may be used once,
more than once, or not at all.
(i) Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of
.................................................................... and ....................................................................
(1)
(ii) Isotopes are atoms with the same number of ....................................................................
but different numbers of .................................................................... in the nucleus.
(2)
(d) An atom of magnesium can be represented by the symbol
Use numbers to complete these statements about this atom.
(i) The atomic number of this atom is ................................
(1)
(ii) The mass number of this atom is ................................
(1)
(iii) The electronic configuration of this atom is ................................
(1)
(Total for question = 8 marks)
4. The table shows the numbers of particles in two atoms, L and M.
(a) Which particles are present in the nuclei of both atoms?
(1)
A
electrons and neutrons
B
electrons and protons
C
neutrons and protons
D
neutrons, protons and electrons
(b) (i) The atomic number of atom L is ............................
(1)
(ii) The mass number of atom L is ............................
(1)
(c) Atoms L and M are neutral because
(1)
A
the numbers of electrons and neutrons are equal
B
the numbers of electrons and protons are equal
C
the numbers of neutrons and protons are equal
D
the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons are equal
(d) Use information from the table to explain why atoms L and M are isotopes of the same
element.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(e) The electronic configuration of atom M is
(1)
A
2.2.2
B
2.4
C
2.4.6
D
4.2
Q5. The table gives some data about the first six members of a homologous series of compounds
called the alkanes.
(a) Complete the table by

giving the molecular formula of hexane

giving the relative formula mass of butane

suggesting the boiling point of pentane(3)
(b) What does the data show about the relationship between boiling point and relative formula
mass?
.............................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The molecular formula of ethene is C2H4. Ethene and ethane are in different homologous
series.
Explain how the formulae of these compounds show that they are in different series.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(d) (i) In the table, draw displayed formulae for the two alkanes with the molecular formula C 4H10
(2)
(ii) What is the name given to compounds that have the same molecular formula but different
displayed formulae?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(e) The reaction between ethane and bromine (Br2) is similar to the reaction between methane
and bromine.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between ethane and bromine.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) What is the name given to the type of reaction that occurs when ethane reacts with bromine?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Suggest the condition necessary for this reaction to occur.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
Q6. The table shows the displayed formulae of three unsaturated hydrocarbons.
(a) Explain the meaning of the term hydrocarbon.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) Explain the meaning of the term unsaturated.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Compounds A, B and C belong to the same homologous series. One characteristic of
the compounds in a homologous series is that they have the same general formula.
(i) State the name of this homologous series.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the general formula of this homologous series.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) State two other characteristics of the compounds in a homologous series.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(d) Compound C has several isomers.
(i) What is the name of compound C?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) What is the molecular formula of compound C?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Explain the meaning of the term isomers.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
(iv) Draw the displayed formula of an isomer of compound C.
(1)
(e) Bromine water can be used to distinguish compound A from ethane.
(i) Complete the sentence to show the colour change when compound A is bubbled through
bromine water.
(1)
Bromine water changes from orange to .............................................................. .
(ii) Complete the chemical equation for the reaction between compound A and bromine water.
(1)
C2H4 + Br2 → ...........................................
(Total for Question = 14 marks)
Q7. Crude oil is an important source of organic compounds.
(a) The diagram shows how crude oil is separated into fractions in the oil industry.
(i) What happens to the crude oil in A?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons. What is meant by the term
hydrocarbons?
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Compare the hydrocarbons in fractions D and F in terms of



boiling point
size of molecules
viscosity
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) Some of the fractions are catalytically cracked. The general equation for some reactions in this
process is
alkane → alkane + alkene
(i) State two conditions used in catalytic cracking.
(2)
1 .............................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
(ii) How does the bonding in an alkene molecule differ from the bonding in an alkane
molecule?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) The chemical equation for one cracking reaction is
C16H34 → C8H18 + 2C3H6 + compound Q
Deduce the molecular formula of Q.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(c) The compound with molecular formula C3H6 can be used to make a polymer.
(i) Give the name of the compound C3H6
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Complete the table of information about this compound.
(3)
Q8. Distress flares are used to attract attention in an emergency. The flares contain magnesium,
which burns with a bright, white flame to form magnesium oxide.
(a) The reaction between magnesium and oxygen is exothermic. What is meant by the term
exothermic?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) The diagram shows the electronic configuration of a magnesium atom.
Put a cross in a box to indicate the diagram that shows the electronic configuration of an oxygen
atom.
(1)
(c) Magnesium ions and oxide ions are formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen. The
diagram shows the electronic configuration and charge of a magnesium ion.
Put a cross in a box to indicate the diagram that shows the electronic configuration and charge of
an oxide ion.
(1)
Q9. When lithium is burned in air, the two compounds lithium oxide (Li2O) and lithium nitride
(Li3N) are formed. Both compounds are ionic and their ions can be represented by dot and cross
diagrams. The dot and cross diagram for the ions in lithium oxide is
(a) Draw a dot and cross diagram for the ions in lithium nitride.
(3)
(b) The chemical equation for the reaction between lithium and oxygen is
4Li + O2 → 2Li2O
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between lithium and nitrogen.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
(c) Lithium nitride reacts violently with water to form a solution of lithium hydroxide and ammonia
gas. Complete the following equation by inserting the appropriate state symbols.
(1)
Li3N(s)
+
3H2O(...............)
→
3LiOH(...............)
+
NH3(...............)
Q10. The diagram shows how the electrons are arranged in an atom of oxygen.
Oxygen atoms form both covalent and ionic bonds.
(a) Water is formed when two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen.
(i) Draw a dot and cross diagram of a molecule of water. You need only show the electrons in
the outer shells.
(2)
(ii) Explain how the covalent bonds in the water molecule hold the hydrogen and oxygen atoms
together.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) The electronic configuration of a sodium atom is 2.8.1 Sodium oxide, Na2O, is an ionic
compound formed when sodium reacts with oxygen.
(i) Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when sodium oxide is formed in this
reaction.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) The reaction of sodium to form sodium oxide can be described as oxidation because it
involves the addition of oxygen. State one other reason why this reaction can be described
as oxidation.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
Q11.
The diagrams show the reactions of some metals with cold water and with dilute hydrochloric
acid.
(a) Answer the following questions, using only the metals that appear in the diagrams.
(i) Name two metals that react with cold water.
(2)
............................................................................. and .............................................................
(ii) Name one metal that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid but not with cold water.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Arrange the five metals in order of reactivity.
(3)
Most reactive metal
........................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
Least reactive metal
.............................................
(b) Some magnesium powder is added to dilute sulfuric acid in a test tube.
A colourless solution is formed and a gas is given off.
When more magnesium is added, the reaction continues for a while and then stops,
leaving some magnesium powder in the test tube.
When a flame is placed at the mouth of the test tube, the gas burns with a squeaky pop.
(i) Identify the gas produced.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest why the reaction stops.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) State the name of the colourless solution.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(iv) How could you separate the magnesium powder from the colourless solution?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) In some fireworks, magnesium powder reacts quickly with oxygen in the air.
During this reaction heat energy is produced.
(i) What name is given to reactions in which heat energy is produced?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Name the compound formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 12 marks)