Download Unit 4 - Lesson 3 Roots and Stems

Grade 11 College Biology – Unit 4
Roots and Stems
Use Pages 295-299 in your textbook to answer the following questions.
ROOTS
1. A plant’s root system is often _________________ that the entire shoot system.
2. The roots have three main functions:
a. Roots absorb _____________________ and __________________ from the soil
and transport these materials to the stem
b. Roots _____________________ the plant in one place
c.
Roots ________________ sugar
3. There are two main types of roots: Taproots and Fibrous Roots. Fill in the table to describe
each root type.
TAPROOTS
FIBROUS ROOTS
Description
Advantages
Examples
STEMS
1. Stems have four main functions:
a. Stems ___________________ the upper part of the plant.
b. Stems _________________ water and minerals to the leaves AND sugar to the
roots
c.
Stems provide ___________________ of sugar
d. Stems are the sites that ____________________ new growth. The cells for new
growth are called _______________________.
2. There are two main types of stems: Herbaceous and Woody. Fill in the table to describe
each stem type.
HERBACEOUS
WOODY
Description
Height
Xylem and
Phloem
Examples
3. View the diagram of the woody stem.
What are the major functions of the
parts of a woody stem?
4. Xylem transports ____________________ and ____________________ from the
_____________________ up to the ________________________.
5. When xylem cells mature, they ___________________, leave behind
_____________________ cells that are ideally suited for carrying water.
6. Xylem cells make up ______________________ which is the main support for most large
plants such as trees.
7. Phloem are _________________ - walled cells that transport _________________ and other
plant products down to the roots
8. Phloem cells are ________________, unlike xylem cells.
9. Fill the table in about the two types of Phloem cells.
SIEVE TUBES
Description
and location
Contents
Function
COMPANION CELLS
Root Parts
The root has five major parts.
1. What are the five major parts?
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
c.
____________________________
d. ____________________________
e. ____________________________
2. What is the primary function of each part?
a. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. Label the parts of a root
Parts ANSWERS
The root has five major parts.
1. What are the five major parts?
a. ROOT HAIRS
b. MERISTEM
c.
ROOT CAP
d. ZONE OF ELONGATION
e. ZONE OF DIFFERENTIATION
2. What is the primary function of each part?
f.
Root Hairs absorb water via osmosis. Root hairs also increase surface area for
absorption.
g. Meristem is the site of new cell growth (via mitosis)
h. Root Cap protectsthe root. These cells are constantly being replaced by the
meristem
i.
Zone of Elongation is the site where cells are DIVIDING. They are NOT growing
j.
Zone of Differentiation is the site where cells change structure to have a
specialized function (e.g., the cells become root hairs, xylem or phloem)