Download What is the PERIODIC TABLE?

Introduction to the
Periodic Table
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
The Father of the Periodic Table—
Dimitri Mendeleev

Mendeleev was the first scientist to notice
the relationship between the elements
– Arranged his periodic table by atomic mass
– Said properties of unknown elements could be
predicted by the properties of elements around
the missing element

Moseley later discovered that the periodic
nature of the elements was associated with
atomic number, not atomic mass
What is the PERIODIC TABLE?
o
Shows all known
elements in the universe.
o
Organizes the elements
by chemical properties.
How do you read the
PERIODIC TABLE?
What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
o
o
The number of
protons found in the
nucleus of an atom
Or
The number of
electrons surrounding
the nucleus of an
atom.
What is the SYMBOL?
o
An abbreviation of
the element name.
What is the ATOMIC WEIGHT?
o
The number of protons
and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom.
How do I find the number of protons,
electrons, and neutrons in an element
using the periodic table?
o
# of PROTONS
= ATOMIC NUMBER
o
# of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o
# of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC
WEIGHT
NUMBER
The Periodic Table
Column = Group or
Family
18 columns on the
Periodic Table
Row = Period
7 rows on the
Periodic Table
Metals, Nonmetals, and
Only
Semi-metals
Nonmetals are on the
nonmetal on the
metal side
Metals are to the
left of the
stair- step
Semi-metals,
“metalloids,”
touch the
stair-step
right of the stair-step
Special Rows on the PT
Lanthanides
Actinides
The Groups of the Periodic Table
 Group
1: The Alkali Metals
– Most reactive metals on the PT
– Rarely found free in nature
– Color these blue
 Group
2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
– Color these yellow
T he Groups of the Periodic Table
 Groups
3-12: Transition Metals
– Found freely and in compounds in nature
– Color these green
 Group
13: Boron Family
– Color these red
The Groups of the Periodic Table
 Group
14: The Carbon Family
– Color these orange
 Group
15: The Nitrogen Family
– Color these purple
The Groups of the Periodic Table

Group 16: The Oxygen Family

Group 17: The Halogens

Group 18: The Noble Gases
– Color these brown
– Most reactive nonmetals
– Color these black
– Nonreactive
– Color these white
Special Groups

Lanthanide – Top row of 15 elements at the
bottom of the periodic table
– Called the rare Earth elements

Actinide – Bottom row of 15 elements at the
bottom of the table
– All are radioactive

Metalloids – Stair step group of elements
that have properties that act as metals or
nonmetals
Click here to watch
periodic table video
Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
What is an ELEMENT?
o
A substance
composed of a
single kind of atom.
o
Cannot be broken
down into another
substance by
chemical or physical
means.
What is a COMPOUND?
o
o
A substance in
which two or
more different
elements are
CHEMICALLY
bonded together.
A new substance
is formed.
What is a MIXTURE?
o
Two or more
substances that
are mixed
together but are
NOT chemically
bonded. The
parts keep their
identity.
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Mixtures
 Mixtures
are classified by how their
parts are distributed.
– Homogeneous mixtures have parts that
are evenly distributed.
– Heterogeneous mixtures have parts that
are not evenly distributed.
Solutions
 Solutions
are a special type of
homogeneous mixtures. They have
two parts:
– Solute – the substance that is being
dissolved
– Solvent – the substance that is doing
the dissolving