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10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 1 Meiosis 4(B), 5(A), 6(A), 6(G) MAINIDEA Write the Main Idea for this lesson. REVIEW VOCABULARY Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term. chromosome Chromosome NEW VOCABULARY Use the terms in the left margin to complete the paragraph below. A segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls the production of a diploid gamete gene haploid homologous protein is called a .A cell contains two copies of each chromosome. A sex cell, or , is , meaning it contains one copy of each chromosome. are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent. chromosomes Describe three processes that occur during sexual reproduction. fertilization crossing over Meiosis Fertilization What happens? What is the product? Science Notebook • Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 132 Crossing Over Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. meiosis 1 Meiosis (continued) Student Edition, pp. 270–276 Identify three characteristics that are the same in each member of a pair Reading Essentials, pp. 103–108 of homologous chromosomes. Name one thing that is different. Same 1. Different 1. 2. 3. Compare and contrast the phases of Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Sketch each phase. Meiosis I Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase Telophase II II Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Description Sketch Meiosis II Description Sketch Analyze the chart above to determine the phase of meiosis when crossing over can occur. Mark a star on the correct phase. Science Notebook • Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 133 1 Meiosis (continued) GET IT? Infer Why are the two phases of meiosis important for gamete formation? Compare meiosis and mitosis by filling in the chart below. Mitosis Meiosis Number of DNA replications Number of cell divisions Number of daughter cells Chromosome number of daughter cells Organize information on how meiosis produces genetic variation. Meiosis produces • sexual reproduction • asexual reproduction • protists • mammals • animals • plants In an organism inherits its genetic material from a single parent. The new organism has the same In • genes • genetic diversity as its parent. , an organism inherits genetic material from two , different parents. Sexual reproduction increases whereas asexual reproduction does not. , and most asexually. , simple can reproduce sexually or only reproduce sexually. Science Notebook • Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 134 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Compare sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction by completing the paragraph with the terms below. 1 Meiosis (continued) REVIEW IT ! 1. MAINIDEA Analyze how meiosis produces haploid gametes. 2. Indicate how metaphase I is different from metaphase in mitosis. 3. Describe how synapsis occurs. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. 4. Diagram a cell with four chromosomes going through meiosis. 5. Assess how meiosis contributes to genetic variation, while mitosis does not. Science Notebook • Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 135