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What I know! What I will learn! 1. What are the two main parts of an atom? 2. Name the three subatomic particles 3. What is the location of the three subatomic particles? 4. What is the mass of the three subatomic particles? 5. What is the electrical charge of the three subatomic particles? 6. What is the electrical charge of the electron cloud? The nucleus? The atom? What I learned! The atom makes up everything around us. It is the building block of all matter (any solid, liquid, or gas). The word atom means “indivisible” so it is the smallest particle of all matter. It is so small that we cannot see it with our eye. In fact, it is so small that it has been said that more than one million can fit side by side on the tip of your pencil! Parts of an atom The atom is made up of two parts. The center, which is called the nucleus, and the surrounding part, called the electron cloud. You will find two subatomic particles inside the nucleus of an atom called the proton and neutron. In the surrounding part, the electron cloud, you will find electrons. Mass Protons and neutrons (both in the nucleus) are about the same size. We measure their mass in atomic mass units (amu) and they both have a mass of 1 amu. Electrons are so small that their mass doesn’t really matter. So we don’t give them an atomic mass unit. Electrical charge Electrons hanging around the outside in the electron cloud are negatively charged. Protons are positive and neutrons are neutral. Because protons are found inside the nucleus, the nucleus has a positive charge. The electron cloud is negative because electrons are negative. And the whole atom balances out becoming neutral because the number of protons (+) and number of electrons (-) are equal. Atoms make up all __________________ The atom has ____ parts to it The center part of an atom is called ____________ The outer part of the atom is_________ _________ The three subatomic particles are called _____________, _____________, _____________ ____________ are the positively charged particles Neutrons have a charge that is _______________ Electrons have a _______________ charge _____________ and ____________ are about the same size The smallest subatomic particle is _____________ Protons and neutrons have a mass of _____ amu Watch, What is an Atom -Basics for Kids and fill in your notes. Go Here: https://goo.gl/7pr0Yc 1. Atom means? __________________________ 2. Atoms make up _______________________ 3. Molecules are made up of ______________________ 4. How many atoms of hydrogen are there in water? ______ 5. The center of an atom is called _______________ 6. There are two subatomic particles inside the nucleus: ______________ and ______________ 7. Which particle is positively charged? _____________________ 8. Which particle has no charge (neutral)? _____________________ 9. The nucleus has a ______________ electrical charge because of the ________________ How many atoms of oxygen? _____ 10. The electrons are ______________ the nucleus and have a ______________ charge 11. The entire atom will have a _________________ charge 12. The first electron shell can hold _____ electrons 13. The second electron shell can hold _____ electrons 14. The electrons found in the outer shell are called the ________________ electrons 15. Atoms always try to ____________ their shells 16. Oxygen has ______ valence electrons 17. Oxygen will bond with two ______________ atoms so that its valence electron shell is full Nucleus Electron Word Bank Electron Cloud Neutron Proton Atom Parts Sub-atomic particles Electrical charge Mass 1 amu Electron 0 amu Word Bank Proton Neutron 1 amu Nucleus Electron cloud Negative Neutral A Bohr Model is a model that represents what an atom looks like. It was created by the scientist, Niels Bohr, in 1913. If you look at a periodic table you will find elements. In these element boxes you will find information that tells you about the atom. More specifically, it will tell you how many protons, electrons, and neutrons there are inside the atom. Let’s take a look! This top number is the atomic number. It tells us how many protons there are inside the atom! This letter is the element symbol. It will always be a capital letter. If it has two letters, the first letter will be capitalized and the second will be lower case. This bottom number is called the atomic mass. It tells us the mass of the atom. The mass is made up of the protons and neutrons found in the nucleus. Atomic # determines the # of protons! Electrons are the same # as the protons! Round the atomic mass. Subtract the atomic # from the atomic mass to get neutrons! Same # Round to 19 and subtract 9 Electrons go inside the electron cloud. We will represent the electron shells with circles, although the electrons don’t really move around in a pattern around a circle. Remember, this is just a model. For this model we will need to remember the rule of 2-8-8! This means that in the first electron shell, or energy level, it will hold up to 2 electrons. If there are more than two electrons you must add another shell. The second shell will hold up to 8 electrons. Once that shell has filled up then the third shell will hold up to 8 more electrons. Note: You must fill up the first shell first before moving to the next! First shell with 2 electrons Second shell with 8 electrons Third shell with 8 electrons Atomic # (top) tell us ________ ___________ and __________ are always the same # We need to ____________ the atomic mass (bottom) to make it a whole number To find the # of _____________ we have to subtract the atomic # from the atomic mass The rule of ___-___-___ says that ____ electrons can fit in the first shell, _____ in the second shell and ____ in the third shell Step 1: Determine the number of protons and electrons by looking at the atomic # Step 2: Find the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic # from the atomic mass Step 3: Put the protons and neutrons in the nucleus Step 4: Use the rule of 2-8-8 for putting electrons in the electron cloud 2 electrons can go in the first shell 8 go in the second 8 go in the third Fill the first shell before moving on to the next Watch this video for assistance: https://goo.gl/Gl2acw l de o M e hr plat o B em T Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chorine Argon P P P P P P P P P N N N N N N N N N - e e- e- e- e - e- e - e - e - e - - e - e - - e - e - e - e P P P P N N N P N N N P P N N N P P N N N e N e - Directions: 1. Match the description (word bank cards) to the vocabulary word 2. Each vocabulary word will have 4 description cards 3. After you have matched the description to the word correctly draw them into your journal or create vocabulary cards with this information included Word Bank Neutral charge The smallest particle of all matter Positive charge Surrounds the nucleus Positive charge Negative charge Nucleus Neutral charge Protons and neutrons found here Negative charge Found in the nucleus Found in the electron cloud Mass of 1 amu Contains the mass Holds electrons Mass of 1 amu Has no mass Add this to protons to get the atomic mass Mostly empty space The center of the atom Same number as the electrons Same number as the protons Has two parts: nucleus and electron cloud Mostly empty space Nucleus Electron Cloud Proton Electron Neutron Atom Write everything you know for each sentence starter! What I know about the proton is… How is the atomic number of an element related to the proton? What I know about the electron is… How is the atomic mass related to the proton and neutron? What I know about the neutron is… Explain why the whole entire atom is neutral. Explain why the nucleus of an atom is positive. Label each subatomic particle What is the mass and electrical charge for each subatomic particle? Which atom is heavier? A Label each part of the atom B P= 7 N=7 P=4 N=5 What is its mass? What two things make up its mass? 1. ___________ 2. ___________ This model using the UFC can help your students understand the location and electrical charges of the subatomic particles. It should not reflect the number of subatomic particles found in the atom. Have students come up with their own models to represent the atom. Once they have done this they can share with other students or you can have the other students try to analyze the models and decide if it represents the model of an atom. The model of the Bohr model will help you remember the location for each sub-atomic particle, as well as, the electrical charge of each. Check it out! Imagine this is a boxing match or UFC fight. In the center is the ring where the fight takes place. This is the center of the atom, the nucleus. The seats surrounding the ring is like the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. This tells us the structure of the atom. The ring is the nucleus and the seats is the electron cloud. Let’s look at the people in the ring. You have two types of people, the referee and the fighters. The fighters are positive that they are going to win. So they are like the protons who are positive. The referee is supposed to be fair and not favor one fighter over the other. So he should be neutral. Neutrons are neutral so the referee is like the neutron. Electrons hang outside the nucleus in the electron cloud. The fans sit in the seats around the ring so the fans are like electrons. Fans often times “boo” at the fighters so they have a negative attitude. The electrons are negative. So let’s look at the atom. It has two parts; the nucleus and electron cloud. We match this up with the ring and the seats surrounding. The atom has two sub-atomic particles in the nucleus; the proton and neutron. This is the referee and fighters. The protons are positive in charge and the neutron is neutral. The fighters are feeling positive and the ref is neutral. The electron is negative just like the “booing” fans. How to remember the location and electrical charge of the sub atomic particles! Boo! Boo! I’m positive I’m going to win! Boo! Boo! I’m positive I’m going to win! I don’t really care who wins... Boo! Boo! Boo! The atom has two parts: The Electrons: 1. Are like the fans sitting around the ring. They “boo” at the fighters so they are negative! 2. The center which is like the ring in the middle of the building The seats that surround the ring The Protons: The Neutrons: Are like the fighters who are found inside the ring and are positive that they will win! Are like the referee who aren’t supposed to favor one fighter over another. So they are neutral! Name: _________________________________ 1.) Which statement is accurate? a.) Protons are positive and found in the electron cloud b.) Electrons are negative and has a mass of 1 amu c.) Protons and electrons are the same size d.) Neutrons are neutral and found in the nucleus 6.) Which two subatomic particles have the same mass? a.) Protons and Electrons b.) Electrons and Neutrons c.) Neutrons and Electrons d.) Neutrons and Protons 2.) Which element has 7 protons in it? a.) Nitrogen b.) Boron c.) Fluorine d.) Potassium 7.) Which statement is accurate? a.) 2 electrons can go in the first and second energy shells b.) 8 electrons can go inside the second shell after the first is filled up c.) No more than 8 electrons can fit into the electron cloud d.) 2 electrons go into the first shell, 2 in the second, and 8 in the third 3.) Fluorine has an atomic # of 9 and atomic mass of 19. Which is accurate? a.) Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=9 b.) Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=10 c.) Protons=10, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9 d.) Protons=9, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9 8.) Which statement is true about electrons? a.) electrons are negative which is why the electron cloud is negative b.) electrons have a mass similar to protons and neutrons c.) electrons are found inside the nucleus and cause it to be negative d.) electrons are very small compared to protons and are positive 9.) Explain how the model of an atom is like our solar system. 4.) Which element has 16 electrons? a.) Oxygen b.) Chlorine c.) Nitrogen d.) Fluorine 5.) Which Bohr model is true about Lithium? 10.) Explain why the whole atom is neutral. A B C D Name: _________________________________ 1.) Which statement is accurate? a.) Protons are positive and found in the electron cloud b.) Electrons are negative and has a mass of 1 amu c.) Protons and electrons are the same size d.) Neutrons are neutral and found in the nucleus 6.) 2.) Which element has 7 protons in it? a.) Nitrogen b.) Boron c.) Fluorine d.) Potassium 7.) 3.) Fluorine has an atomic # of 9 and atomic mass of 19. Which is accurate? a.) Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=9 b.) Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=10 c.) Protons=10, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9 d.) Protons=9, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9 4.) Which statement is accurate? a.) 2 electrons can go in the first and second energy shells b.) 8 electrons can go inside the second shell after the first is filled up c.) No more than 8 electrons can fit into the electron cloud d.) 2 electrons go into the first shell, 2 in the second, and 8 in the third Which element has 16 electrons? a.) Oxygen b.) Chlorine c.) Nitrogen d.) Sulfur 5.) Which two subatomic particles have the same mass? a.) Protons and Electrons b.) Electrons and Neutrons c.) Neutrons and Electrons d.) Neutrons and Protons 8.) Which statement is true about electrons? a.) electrons are negative which is why the electron cloud is negative b.) electrons have a mass similar to protons and neutrons c.) electrons are found inside the nucleus and cause it to be negative d.) electrons are very small compared to protons and are positive 9.) Explain how the model of an atom is like our solar system. Possible answers could include: the sun is like the nucleus because it is in the center. The planets are like the electrons going around the sun/nucleus. Which Bohr model is true about Lithium? A B C D 10.) Explain why the whole atom is neutral. Possible answers could include: the atom is neutral because protons and electrons are the same number. Protons are positive and electrons are negative so they cancel each other out.