Download Learning about atoms

What I know!
What I will learn!
1.
What are the two main
parts of an atom?
2.
Name the three subatomic
particles
3.
What is the location of the
three subatomic particles?
4.
What is the mass of the
three subatomic particles?
5.
What is the electrical
charge of the three
subatomic particles?
6.
What is the electrical
charge of the electron
cloud? The nucleus?
The atom?
What I learned!
The atom makes up everything around us. It is the building block of all matter (any solid, liquid, or gas).
The word atom means “indivisible” so it is the smallest particle of all matter. It is so small that we cannot
see it with our eye. In fact, it is so small that it has been said that more than one million can fit side by
side on the tip of your pencil!
Parts of an atom
The atom is made up of two parts. The center, which is called the nucleus, and the surrounding part,
called the electron cloud. You will find two subatomic particles inside the nucleus of an atom called the
proton and neutron. In the surrounding part, the electron cloud, you will find electrons.
Mass
Protons and neutrons (both in the nucleus) are about the same size. We measure their mass in atomic
mass units (amu) and they both have a mass of 1 amu. Electrons are so small that their mass doesn’t
really matter. So we don’t give them an atomic mass unit.
Electrical charge
Electrons hanging around the outside in the electron cloud are negatively charged. Protons are positive
and neutrons are neutral.
Because protons are found inside the nucleus, the nucleus has a positive
charge. The electron cloud is negative because electrons are negative. And
the whole atom balances out becoming neutral because the number of protons
(+) and number of electrons (-) are equal.
Atoms make up all __________________
The atom has ____ parts to it
The center part of an atom is called ____________
The outer part of the atom is_________ _________
The three subatomic particles are called
_____________, _____________, _____________
____________ are the positively charged particles
Neutrons have a charge that is _______________
Electrons have a _______________ charge
_____________ and ____________ are about the same size
The smallest subatomic particle is _____________
Protons and neutrons have a mass of _____ amu
Watch, What is an Atom -Basics for Kids and fill in your notes. Go Here: https://goo.gl/7pr0Yc
1.
Atom means? __________________________
2.
Atoms make up _______________________
3.
Molecules are made up of ______________________
4.
How many atoms of hydrogen are there in water? ______
5.
The center of an atom is called _______________
6.
There are two subatomic particles inside the nucleus: ______________ and ______________
7.
Which particle is positively charged? _____________________
8.
Which particle has no charge (neutral)? _____________________
9.
The nucleus has a ______________ electrical charge because of the ________________
How many atoms of oxygen? _____
10.
The electrons are ______________ the nucleus and have a ______________ charge
11.
The entire atom will have a _________________ charge
12.
The first electron shell can hold _____ electrons
13.
The second electron shell can hold _____ electrons
14.
The electrons found in the outer shell are called the ________________ electrons
15.
Atoms always try to ____________ their shells
16.
Oxygen has ______ valence electrons
17.
Oxygen will bond with two ______________ atoms so that its valence electron shell is full
Nucleus
Electron
Word Bank
Electron Cloud
Neutron
Proton
Atom
Parts
Sub-atomic
particles
Electrical
charge
Mass
1 amu
Electron
0 amu
Word Bank
Proton
Neutron
1 amu
Nucleus
Electron cloud
Negative
Neutral
A Bohr Model is a model that represents what an atom looks like. It was created by the scientist,
Niels Bohr, in 1913.
If you look at a periodic table you will find elements. In these element boxes you will find information
that tells you about the atom. More specifically, it will tell you how many protons, electrons, and
neutrons there are inside the atom. Let’s take a look!
This top number is the atomic number. It tells
us how many protons there are inside the atom!
This letter is the element symbol. It will always
be a capital letter. If it has two letters, the first
letter will be capitalized and the second will be
lower case.
This bottom number is called the atomic mass.
It tells us the mass of the atom. The mass is
made up of the protons and neutrons found in
the nucleus.
Atomic # determines the # of protons!
Electrons are the same # as the
protons!
Round the atomic mass. Subtract
the atomic # from the atomic mass to
get neutrons!
Same #
Round to 19
and subtract 9
Electrons go inside the electron cloud. We will represent the electron shells with circles, although
the electrons don’t really move around in a pattern around a circle. Remember, this is just a
model.
For this model we will need to remember the rule of 2-8-8!
This means that in the first electron shell, or energy level, it will hold up to 2 electrons. If there are
more than two electrons you must add another shell. The second shell will hold up to 8 electrons.
Once that shell has filled up then the third shell will hold up to 8 more electrons.
Note: You must fill up the first shell first before moving to the next!
First shell with 2 electrons
Second shell with 8 electrons
Third shell with 8 electrons
Atomic # (top) tell us ________
___________ and __________ are always
the same #
We need to ____________ the atomic mass
(bottom) to make it a whole number
To find the # of _____________ we have
to subtract the atomic # from the atomic
mass
The rule of ___-___-___ says that ____
electrons can fit in the first shell, _____ in
the second shell and ____ in the third shell
Step 1: Determine the number of protons and electrons by looking at the atomic #
Step 2: Find the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic # from the atomic mass
Step 3: Put the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Step 4: Use the rule of 2-8-8 for putting electrons in the electron cloud
2 electrons can go in the first shell
8 go in the second
8 go in the third
Fill the first shell before moving on to the next
Watch this video for assistance:
https://goo.gl/Gl2acw
l
de
o
M e
hr plat
o
B em
T
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chorine
Argon
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
-
e
e-
e-
e-
e
-
e-
e
-
e
-
e
-
e
-
-
e
-
e
-
-
e
-
e
-
e
-
e
P
P
P
P
N
N
N
P
N
N
N
P
P
N
N
N
P
P
N
N
N
e
N
e
-
Directions:
1. Match the description (word bank cards) to the vocabulary word
2.
Each vocabulary word will have 4 description cards
3.
After you have matched the description to the word correctly draw them
into your journal or create vocabulary cards with this information included
Word Bank
Neutral charge
The smallest particle of
all matter
Positive charge
Surrounds the nucleus
Positive charge
Negative charge
Nucleus
Neutral charge
Protons and neutrons
found here
Negative charge
Found in the nucleus
Found in the electron
cloud
Mass of 1 amu
Contains the mass
Holds electrons
Mass of 1 amu
Has no mass
Add this to protons to
get the atomic mass
Mostly empty space
The center of the atom
Same number as the
electrons
Same number as the
protons
Has two parts: nucleus
and electron cloud
Mostly empty space
Nucleus
Electron Cloud
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Atom
Write everything you know for each sentence starter!
What I know about the proton is…
How is the atomic number of an element related to
the proton?
What I know about the electron is…
How is the atomic mass related to the proton and
neutron?
What I know about the neutron is…
Explain why the whole entire atom is neutral.
Explain why the nucleus of an atom is positive.
Label each subatomic particle
What is the mass and electrical charge
for each subatomic particle?
Which atom is heavier?
A
Label each part of the atom
B
P= 7
N=7
P=4
N=5
What is its mass?
What two things make up its mass?
1.
___________
2.
___________
This model using the UFC can help your students understand the location and electrical charges of
the subatomic particles. It should not reflect the number of subatomic particles found in the atom.
Have students come up with their own models to represent the atom. Once they have done this they
can share with other students or you can have the other students try to analyze the models and
decide if it represents the model of an atom.
The model of the Bohr model will help you remember the location for each sub-atomic particle, as well
as, the electrical charge of each. Check it out!
Imagine this is a boxing match or UFC fight. In the center is the ring where the fight takes place. This
is the center of the atom, the nucleus. The seats surrounding the ring is like the electron cloud
surrounding the nucleus. This tells us the structure of the atom. The ring is the nucleus and the seats
is the electron cloud.
Let’s look at the people in the ring. You have two types of people, the referee and the fighters. The
fighters are positive that they are going to win. So they are like the protons who are positive. The
referee is supposed to be fair and not favor one fighter over the other. So he should be neutral.
Neutrons are neutral so the referee is like the neutron. Electrons hang outside the nucleus in the
electron cloud. The fans sit in the seats around the ring so the fans are like electrons. Fans often
times “boo” at the fighters so they have a negative attitude. The electrons are negative.
So let’s look at the atom. It has two parts; the nucleus and electron cloud. We match this up with the
ring and the seats surrounding. The atom has two sub-atomic particles in the nucleus; the proton and
neutron. This is the referee and fighters. The protons are positive in charge and the neutron is
neutral. The fighters are feeling positive and the ref is neutral. The electron is negative just like the
“booing” fans.
How to remember the location and electrical
charge of the sub atomic particles!
Boo!
Boo!
I’m positive I’m
going to win!
Boo!
Boo!
I’m positive I’m
going to win!
I don’t really
care who
wins...
Boo!
Boo!
Boo!
The atom has two parts:
The Electrons:
1.
Are like the fans sitting around the
ring. They “boo” at the fighters so
they are negative!
2.
The center which is like the
ring in the middle of the
building
The seats that surround the
ring
The Protons:
The Neutrons:
Are like the fighters who are found
inside the ring and are positive that
they will win!
Are like the referee who aren’t
supposed to favor one fighter over
another. So they are neutral!
Name: _________________________________
1.)
Which statement is accurate?
a.)
Protons are positive and found in the electron cloud
b.)
Electrons are negative and has a mass of 1 amu
c.)
Protons and electrons are the same size
d.)
Neutrons are neutral and found in the nucleus
6.)
Which two subatomic particles have the same mass?
a.)
Protons and Electrons
b.)
Electrons and Neutrons
c.)
Neutrons and Electrons
d.)
Neutrons and Protons
2.)
Which element has 7 protons in it?
a.)
Nitrogen
b.)
Boron
c.)
Fluorine
d.)
Potassium
7.)
Which statement is accurate?
a.)
2 electrons can go in the first and second energy shells
b.)
8 electrons can go inside the second shell after the first is filled up
c.)
No more than 8 electrons can fit into the electron cloud
d.)
2 electrons go into the first shell, 2 in the second, and 8 in the third
3.)
Fluorine has an atomic # of 9 and atomic mass of 19.
Which is accurate?
a.)
Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=9
b.)
Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=10
c.)
Protons=10, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9
d.)
Protons=9, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9
8.)
Which statement is true about electrons?
a.)
electrons are negative which is why the electron cloud is negative
b.)
electrons have a mass similar to protons and neutrons
c.)
electrons are found inside the nucleus and cause it to be negative
d.)
electrons are very small compared to protons and are positive
9.)
Explain how the model of an atom is like our solar system.
4.)
Which element has 16 electrons?
a.)
Oxygen
b.)
Chlorine
c.)
Nitrogen
d.)
Fluorine
5.)
Which Bohr model is true about Lithium?
10.)
Explain why the whole atom is neutral.
A
B
C
D
Name: _________________________________
1.)
Which statement is accurate?
a.)
Protons are positive and found in the electron cloud
b.)
Electrons are negative and has a mass of 1 amu
c.)
Protons and electrons are the same size
d.)
Neutrons are neutral and found in the nucleus
6.)
2.)
Which element has 7 protons in it?
a.)
Nitrogen
b.)
Boron
c.)
Fluorine
d.)
Potassium
7.)
3.)
Fluorine has an atomic # of 9 and atomic mass of 19.
Which is accurate?
a.)
Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=9
b.)
Protons=9, Electrons=9, Neutrons=10
c.)
Protons=10, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9
d.)
Protons=9, Electrons=10, Neutrons=9
4.)
Which statement is accurate?
a.)
2 electrons can go in the first and second energy shells
b.)
8 electrons can go inside the second shell after the first is
filled up
c.)
No more than 8 electrons can fit into the electron cloud
d.)
2 electrons go into the first shell, 2 in the second, and 8 in the third
Which element has 16 electrons?
a.)
Oxygen
b.)
Chlorine
c.)
Nitrogen
d.)
Sulfur
5.)
Which two subatomic particles have the same mass?
a.)
Protons and Electrons
b.)
Electrons and Neutrons
c.)
Neutrons and Electrons
d.)
Neutrons and Protons
8.)
Which statement is true about electrons?
a.)
electrons are negative which is why the electron cloud is
negative
b.)
electrons have a mass similar to protons and neutrons
c.)
electrons are found inside the nucleus and cause it to be negative
d.)
electrons are very small compared to protons and are positive
9.)
Explain how the model of an atom is like our solar system.
Possible answers could include: the sun is like the nucleus because it is in
the center. The planets are like the electrons going around the sun/nucleus.
Which Bohr model is true about Lithium?
A
B
C
D
10.)
Explain why the whole atom is neutral.
Possible answers could include: the atom is neutral because protons and
electrons are the same number. Protons are positive and electrons are negative
so they cancel each other out.