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Plate Tectonics Notes Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: _____ Physical motions in the ocean ● There are some types of ____________________ on Earth that are important to ____________________ science, like the movement of Earth’s ____________________ To understand what we mean by the movement of ____________________, we need to ● learn some basic ____________________ Some geology fundamentals 1. The Earth is composed of ____________________ layers: core, ____________________ and crust 2. The Earth’s lithosphere is a ____________________ layer composed of part of the upper mantle and ____________________ 3. The Earth’s lithosphere is not continuous, but made up of ____________________ pieces fit together like a ____________________ Visualizing Earth’s layers ● A ____________________ outer crust ● A ____________________, fluid-like mantle surrounding the core ● A ____________________ There are ____________________ t ypes of crust: oceanic crust and continental crust ● The ____________________ continental crust and ____________________ oceanic crust both lie on the more dense mantle ● Oceanic crust is ____________________ , thinner and more dense than continental crust ● Continental crust tends to lie ____________________ than oceanic crust and forms continents ● The very uppermost part of the ____________________ and the crust form rigid plates, called the lithosphere ● These plates cover the ____________________ and move with respect to one another The lithosphere and asthenosphere ● The lithosphere is made up of rigid plates composed of the ____________________ of the upper ____________________ and the crust ● Beneath the uppermost layer of the mantle is an area of ____________________ called the asthenosphere, on which the rigid plates ____________________ with respect to one another You may have heard of Earth’s plates or plate tectonics – what exactly is a plate? ● Now you know about the composition of the lithosphere, but did you know it is not one continuous layer? ● The lithosphere is actually composed of many ____________________ pieces that fit together like a ____________________ ● These large pieces are called ____________________ Earth’s crustal plates This picture shows the boundaries of Earth’s crustal ____________________. Some plate names are given for examples. Plates contain oceanic crust, continental crust or both types. Earth’s plates are constantly moving ● Remember that the asthenosphere beneath the plates is relatively ____________________ and plastic ● The asthenosphere is slowly, but constantly, ____________________ ● The plates “floating” on top of this layer are thus always in ____________________. Do know some of the ways that plates ____________________ in relation to one another? ● They can move ____________________ one another, ____________________ into one another, even rise and ____________________ Plates move with respect to one another For example, the North American plate and Eurasian plate are moving ____________________ from one another, forming a ____________________.