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KS3 Physics 8J Magnets and Electromagnets 1 of 20 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 2004 Contents 8J Magnets and Electromagnets Magnetic materials Magnetic fields Electromagnets Summary activities 2 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Magnetic materials Which of the metals below are magnetic metals? silver (Ag) 3 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Magnetic materials A magnetic material is attracted to a magnet. Only iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) are magnetic. Ag 4 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Magnetic or non-magnetic? 5 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Contents 8J Magnets and Electromagnets Magnetic materials Magnetic fields Electromagnets Summary activities 6 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Forces between magnets – experiment 7 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What is a magnetic field? The region around a magnet where it has a magnetic effect is called its magnetic field. When a magnetic material is placed in a magnetic field it will experience a force. S N The iron filings feel the effect of the magnetic field and show the direction of the forces in this region. 8 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Shape of a magnetic field What is the shape and direction of the lines of force in the magnetic field around a bar magnet? strongest field at poles N S strongest field at poles weakest field further away from poles Where is the magnetic field strongest? 9 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Viewing magnetic fields: N poles together Bring the north poles of two bar magnets together. S N N S What happens to the magnets? Next, bring the two north poles as close to each other as possible and place a piece of paper on top of the magnets. Carefully scatter iron filings onto the paper. Draw the pattern created by the iron filings. 10 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Magnetic field pattern: N poles together What do you notice about the pattern of the lines of force in the region between the two north poles? S 11 of 33 N © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Viewing magnetic fields: N and S poles together Bring the north and south poles of two bar magnets together. S N S N What happens to the magnets? Next, put the north and south poles close to each other, without letting them touch, and place a piece of paper on top. Carefully scatter iron filings onto the paper. Draw the pattern created by the iron filings. 12 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Magnetic field pattern: N and S poles together What do you notice about the pattern of the lines of force in the region between the north and south poles? S N S N How does this pattern compare with the pattern between the two north poles? 13 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Magnetic fields – summary 1. When two like poles (e.g. two north poles or two south poles) are put together, they repel each other. 2. When two unlike poles (e.g. a north and a south pole) are put together, they attract each other. 3. Scattering iron filings around a bar magnet makes it possible to see the lines of force of the magnetic field. 14 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Making a magnet A magnet can be made by magnetizing a material which is attracted to a magnet, e.g. a paper clip. There are three methods that can be used to make a magnet: Stroke a magnet along the paperclip from one end to the other and then starting from the same place, repeat the movement. The more times this is done, the more magnetic the clip becomes. Hold a nail in a magnetic field and hit it with a hammer. Put a magnetic material in a strong magnetic field. 15 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Contents 8J Magnets and Electromagnets Magnetic materials Magnetic fields Electromagnets Summary activities 16 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Making an electromagnet When electricity is passed through a coil of wire, the coil has a magnetic field around it. This is called an electromagnet. If the coil of wire is wrapped around a piece of iron, such as an iron nail, the magnetic field gets stronger. 17 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Investigating an electromagnet An iron core at the centre of a coil of wire increases the strength of an electromagnet. Two experiments can be carried out to investigate the other factors that can affect the strength of an electromagnet: 1. Investigate how the number of coils affects the number of paper clips attracted to an electromagnet – keep the current the same in this experiment. 2. Investigate how the size of the current affects the number of paper clips attracted to an electromagnet – keep the number of coils the same in this experiment. 18 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Investigating an electromagnet – results 1 Number of coils Number of paper clips attracted 0 0 20 8 40 18 60 31 80 46 Remember – keep the current the same throughout this experiment! 19 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Investigating an electromagnet – results 2 0 Number of paper clips attracted 0 1 12 2 23 3 38 4 49 5 60 Current (A) Remember – keep the number of coils the same throughout this experiment! 20 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Investigating an electromagnet – graph 1 number of clips attracted Graph to show how the number of coils affects the strength of an electromagnet. 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 number of coils 21 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 number of clips attracted Investigating an electromagnet – graph 2 Graph to show how the current affects the strength of an electromagnet 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 22 of 33 1 2 3 4 5 current (A) © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Using electromagnets – scrap yards A large electromagnet is used in a scrap yard to pick up and move heavy pieces of scrap metal. Which metals would the electromagnet attract? What advantages does an electromagnet have over a permanent magnet? 23 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Using electromagnets – door bells The circuit for a door bell includes an electromagnet. 24 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Using electromagnets – relay Lifts, cars and other large electrical machines use high currents. A relay, which includes an electromagnet, is used to allow a small current in one circuit to control a large current in another circuit. 25 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Label the diagram – electric bell 26 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Label the diagram - relay 27 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Electromagnets – summary 1. When electricity is passed through a coil of wire, the coil behaves like a magnet and has a magnetic field around it – this is an electromagnet. 2. There are three ways to make an electromagnet stronger: wrap the coil of wire around an iron core; increase the number of coils; increase the size of the current. 3. An electromagnet can be easily turned on and off. This is why electromagnets can be used in scrapyards and as switches in electrical devices. 28 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Contents 8J Magnets and Electromagnets Magnetic materials Magnetic fields Electromagnets Summary activities 29 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Glossary attraction – The force that pulls things together, 30 of 33 e.g. opposite poles of two magnets. electromagnet – A magnet made by passing electricity through a coil of wire, which often has a core inside. magnet – An object that has a magnetic field and can attract magnetic materials. magnetic field – The area around a magnet where its magnetic force can be felt. magnetic materials – Materials that are attracted to a magnet, e.g. iron, cobalt and nickel. magnetism – The non-contact force of a magnetic field. poles – The parts of a magnet where its magnetic field is strongest. repulsion – The force that pushes things away from each other, e.g. like poles of two magnets. © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Anagrams 31 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Magnetism – true or false? 32 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Multiple-choice quiz 33 of 33 © Boardworks Ltd 2006