Download BIOB111 - Tutorial activities for session 8

BIOB111 - Tutorial activities for session 8
General topics for week 4 Session 8

Physical and chemical properties and examples of these functional groups (methyl, ethyl
in the alkyl family, alkenes and alkynes, halogen functional groups
Useful Links
Instructions:
Some people learn using rhythm: Chemistry music video on functional groups
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkY
General tutorial questions:
1.
2.
The common feature found in all unsaturated hydrocarbons is:
a)
One or more carbon-carbon triple bonds
b)
One or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds
c)
One or more rings of carbon atoms
d)
One or more carbon-carbon double bonds
Which of the following is a general physical property of alkanes?
a) Low solubility in water
b) Contain more oxygen atoms than water
c) High solubility in water
d) More polar than water
3.
4.
When a compound contains a C = C bond, the functional group of the compound is an:
a)
Alkyl
b)
Alkene
c)
Alkyne
A compound that contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) is what type of
hydrocarbon?
a)
Saturated
b)
Unsaturated
c)
Polyunsaturated
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5.
Hydration of a double bond in ethene (H2C = CH2) adds which molecule across the double
bond?
a) H2
b) Cl2
c) H2O
6.
7.
When ethene (H2C = CH2) becomes hydrated the product will be:
a)
An alcohol
b)
A halogenated alkane
c)
A saturated alkane
Ethanol for industry can be made from hydrating ethene H2C = CH2. Which of the
following represents the structure of ethanol?
8.
a)
CH3 – CH2 – OH
b)
CH3- OH
c)
CH3 – CH2 – Cl
Benzene is important because it is the basic structure in aromatic compounds that are
found in:
9.
a)
Steroid hormones and cholesterol
b)
Many drugs
c)
All of the above
Cyclohexane has ________ carbon atoms and _________ hydrogen atoms, formula
__________
10.
a)
six, six, C6H6
b)
six, twelve, C6H12
c)
six, fourteen, C6H14
For the following reaction, select a correct product from the options below:
a)
An alkane is formed
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b)
An alkene is formed
c)
An aromatic hydrocarbon is formed
d)
An alkyne is formed
Conceptual multiple choice questions:
11.
Alkanes are non-polar as they contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. In comparison,
H2O is a polar compound, as the bonds that connect the oxygen and hydrogen atoms
have unequal electron sharing. For a substance to be soluble (dissolve) in another
substance (solvent), both substances must share the same type of polarity. Which of the
following accurately explains the solubility of an alkane in H2O?
12.
a)
The non-polar alkane is insoluble (does not dissolve) in the polar H2O
b)
The polar alkane is soluble (dissolves) in the polar H2O
c)
The non-polar alkane is soluble (dissolves) in the polar H2O
d)
The polar alkane is insoluble (does not dissolve) in the polar H2O
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are compounds that were previously used as refrigerants, but
are now used much less due to their detrimental affect on the ozone layer. CFCs contain a
central carbon atom connected to four halogen atoms. Which of the following explains how
a CFC compound is created?
a)
Only one halogenation reaction is needed to replace the four hydrogen atoms within
the alkane with halogen atoms
b)
Alkanes can not accept any halogen atoms, so CFCs can only be created from
alkenes
c)
An alkane undergoes a series of halogenation reactions, with each halogenation
reaction displacing one hydrogen and adding a halogen atom in its place
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d)
Only alkynes can be used to create CFCs, as they are the most reactive type of
hydrocarbon
13.
Hydrocarbons that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms can adopt either chain-like
structures or ring-like structures. For example, a six carbon containing hydrocarbon can
exist in both the straight chain or ring form (below). Which of the following correctly
describes the major difference between the straight chain (acyclic) and ring structured
(cyclic) hydrocarbons?
a)
Cyclic hydrocarbons have carbons at the end of the structure that bond to only one
other carbon atom, whereas all of the carbons in an acyclic structure bond to two
other carbon atoms
b)
All of the carbons in a cyclic hydrocarbon are connected to only one other carbon
atom, whereas all of the carbons in an acyclic structure connect to two carbon atoms
c)
Acyclic hydrocarbons have carbons at the end of the structure that bond to only one
other carbon atom, whereas all of the carbons in a cyclic structure bond to two other
carbon atoms
d)
All of the carbons in an acyclic hydrocarbon are connected to only one other carbon
atom, whereas all of the carbons in an acyclic structure connect to two carbon atoms
14.
Both straight chain (acyclic) and ring structured (cyclic) hydrocarbons can form structures
that contain the same number of carbon atoms. However, these acyclic and cyclic
compounds contain different numbers of hydrogen atoms, even though they have the
same number of carbon atoms. Which of the following best describes why acyclic and
cyclic versions of hydrocarbons contain different numbers of hydrogen atoms?
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a)
Acylcic hydrocarbons have more hydrogen atoms than cyclic hydrocarbons, as
acyclic hydrocarbons have defined end carbons which attach to three hydrogen
atoms
b)
Cyclic hydrocarbons have carbons that always attach to two other carbons,
meaning they have more hydrogen atoms in total than acyclic hydrocarbons
c)
Cyclic hydrocarbons have more hydrogen atoms than acyclic hydrocarbons, as
cyclic hydrocarbons have defined end carbons which attach to three hydrogen
atoms
d)
Acyclic hydrocarbons have carbons that always attach to two other carbons,
meaning they have more hydrogen atoms in total than cyclic hydrocarbons
15.
A compound may undergo a chemical reaction, depending on how stable or reactive the
compound is in the presence of another compound. Saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons undergo different chemical reactions, as they have different levels of
reactivity towards different compounds. Which of the following best explains the difference
in reactivity between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
a)
Saturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than unsaturated hydrocarbons, as single
carbon-carbon bonds can be broken more easily than double or triple bonds
b)
Saturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than unsaturated hydrocarbons, as each
of the hydrogens attached to the saturated hydrocarbon can be easily replaced by
other atoms
c)
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons, as
unsaturated hydrocarbons contain no single carbon-carbon bonds
d)
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons, as their
double or triple carbon-carbon bonds can be broken in chemical reactions
16.
The three functional groups of hydrocarbons that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms
are alkane, alkene and alkyne. Through the use of chemical reactions, it is possible for an
alkane to become an alkyne and visa versa. How is an alkyne converted to an alkane?
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a)
Hydration reactions are needed to convert an alkyne to an alkene, as the reaction
removes double carbon-carbon bonds and replaces them with oxygen and hydrogen
atoms
b)
One hydrogenation reaction is required to convert an alkyne to an alkane, with the
reaction breaking two carbon-carbon bonds and replacing it with two hydrogen
atoms
c)
Hydration reactions are needed to convert an alkyne to an alkene, as the reaction
removes double carbon-carbon bonds and replaces them with hydrogen atoms
d)
Two hydrogenation reactions are required to convert an alkyne to an alkane, with
each hydrogenation reaction breaking a carbon-carbon bond and replacing it with
two hydrogen atoms
17.
In a bromination reaction an alkene is added to a red bromine solution, but the red colour
quickly disappears. However, if an alkane is added to a red bromine solution, the red
colour is maintained. Which of the following best explains the results described above?
a)
The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkane readily, so there is no red
bromine left in solution when the alkane is present
b)
The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkane readily, so the bromine solution
remains red when the alkane is present
c)
The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkene readily, so there is no red
bromine left in solution when the alkene is present
d)
The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkene readily, so the bromine solution
remains red when the alkene is present
18.
Differences in the carbon-carbon bonding arrangements within hydrocarbons is the
distinction between the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. An alkane, alkene or alkyne
compound with four carbons each have a different number of hydrogen atoms. For a four
carbon hydrocarbon does the alkane, alkene or alkyne compound possess the most
hydrogen atoms and why?
a)
The alkane compound contains the most hydrogen atoms, as it has the most room
to take on hydrogen atoms with only single carbon-carbon bonds
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b)
The alkene compound contains the most hydrogens, as it’s double bond can be
broken to take on additional hydrogens
c)
The alkyne compound contains the most hydrogens, as it’s triple bond can be
broken to take on additional hydrogens
d)
Both the alkene and alkyne compounds possess more hydrogens than the alkane
compound, due to the presence of the double and triple bonds, respectively
19.
Differences in the carbon-carbon bonding arrangements within hydrocarbons is the
distinction between the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. An alkane, alkene or alkyne
compound with four carbons each have a different number of hydrogen atoms. For a four
carbon hydrocarbon does the alkane, alkene or alkyne compound possess the least
hydrogen atoms and why?
a)
The alkane compound contains the least hydrogen atoms, as it has the most room to
take on hydrogen atoms with only single carbon-carbon bonds
b)
The alkene compound contains the least hydrogens, as it’s double bond takes up
positions that hydrogens could occupy
c)
The alkyne compound contains the least hydrogens, as it’s triple bond takes up
positions that hydrogens could occupy
d)
Both the alkene and alkyne compounds possess more hydrogens than the alkane
compound, due to the presence of the double and triple bonds, respectively
20.
While benzene is technically a hydrocarbon, it has a very different structure to the alkanes,
alkenes and alkynes. Benzene has a ring structure much like other cyclic hydrocarbons
but the arrangement of bonds within the ring makes benzene unique. Which of the
following best describes the structure of the benzene ring?
a)
The benzene ring contains six carbons and three double carbon-carbon bonds, with
the double bonds evenly spaced out in the ring structure
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b)
The benzene ring contains eight carbons and eight double carbon-carbon bonds,
with all of the carbon-carbon bonds in the structure being double bonds
c)
The benzene ring contains six carbons and six double carbon-carbon bonds, with all
of the carbon-carbon bonds in the structure being double bonds
d)
The benzene ring contains eight carbons and four double carbon-carbon bonds, with
the double bonds evenly spaced out in the ring structure
21.
The stability of the benzene ring was a discovery that initially baffled scientists. Scientists
thought benzene should be reactive as it resembled a cyclic alkene, more than a stable
alkane. Which of the following accurately explains the stability of the benzene ring?
a)
The electrons associate with the carbon atoms in the benzene ring more than the
attached hydrogen atoms, which makes the structure stable
b)
Having both single and double bonds that are fixed and do not change position
makes benzene unreactive
c)
Having double bonds that are fixed and do not change position makes benzene
unreactive
d)
The electrons associated with the carbon atoms in the benzene ring are equally
shared by each of the carbons in the ring structure, as the position of the double
carbon-carbon bonds continually changes
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