Download Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide S6E5 A

Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide
S6E5 A-Crust, Mantle, Core
1. What happens to the temperature as you travel
to the center of the Earth?
IT GETS HOTTER.
--------------------------------------------------------------2. What happens to the density as you travel to
the center of the Earth?
IT GETS DENSER.
--------------------------------------------------------------3. Put the layers of Earth’s interior in order from
highest to lowest temperature.
INNER CORE, OUTER CORE, MANTLE, CRUST
--------------------------------------------------------------4. The thickest layer of Earth’s interior is the
MANTLE; the thinnest layer is the CRUST.
--------------------------------------------------------------5. What is the composition of each layer?
Continental Crust: GRANITE
Outer Core: LIQUID IRON & NICKEL
Oceanic Crust: BASALT
Inner Core: SOLID IRON & NICKEL
Mantle: IRON & MAGNESIUM
---------------------------------------------------------------
6. What mechanical layer is composed of the crust
and upper mantle? LITHOSPHERE
--------------------------------------------------------------7. What mechanical layer does the lithosphere
ride/move on top of? ASTHENOSPHERE
-------------------------------------------------------------8. Why do lithospheric plates constantly move?
CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE MANTLE
-------------------------------------------------------------9. Why is the inner core solid? BECAUSE OF THE
PRESSURE OF EARTH’S LAYERS
--------------------------------------------------------------10. Label the layers of Earth’s Interior.
(1) CRUST (2) INNER CORE (3) MANTLE
S6E5 A
2
1
4
3
(4) OUTER CORE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Identify the bar for each layer of Earth’s
interior.
A= crust
B= mantle
C= inner core
D= outer core
S6E5B: Minerals
1.Identify the criteria that define a mineral.
Are minerals organic or inorganic?
INORGANIC
Are they solid, liquid, or gas? SOLID
Are they man made, or do they occur in
nature? OCCUR IN NATURE
Does each mineral have a unique crystal
structure? YES
2. What are rocks composed of? MINERALS
3. Luster, or the way LIGHT is reflected, is a
property of minerals.
4. Abbey and Catherine found several rocks on
their trip to South America. After they returned
home, they took their hand lens and began
observing the different types of rocks unearthed.
One rock was limestone, another was pumice, and
lastly was marble. Catherine and Abbey noticed
that all the rocks they found had tiny bits of shiny
mica in them. Based on this observation, what can
we conclude about mica? ALL THREE ROCKS ARE
COMPOSED OF MINERALS THAT INCLUDE
MICA________________________
S6E5 C & D: Rocks & Rock Cycle
1.How are rocks classified? By their process of
FORMATION
2.How are igneous rocks formed? MAGMA OR
LAVA __________ that cools and hardens.
3.How are sedimentary rocks formed? Sediment
that is COMPACTED & CEMENTED TOGETHER.
4.How are metamorphic rocks formed? They are
CHANGED by HEAT & PRESSURE.
5.What type of rock is being described?
IGNEOUS_
A.This rock is formed by
cooling magma.
SEDIMENTARY
B.This is formed underwater.
It is made up of bits of
shells and skeletons of sea
animals cemented together.
METAMORPHIC
C. This rock is formed by
Limestone that has been
exposed to lots of heat and
pressure becomes this type
of rock.
SEDIMENTARY
D. This rock is formed when
tiny grains of sand become
cemented together.
IGNEOUS
E. This rock is formed by
quickly cooled lava.
6. Rocks exposed to water break down, or
WEATHER.
7. Rocks change from one type of rock to another
because of the ROCK CYCLE
8. According to the rock cycle, what processes are
missing?
A.
B.
F.
C
G
E.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
COOLS & HARDENS
WEATHERING & EROSION
WEATHERING & EROSION
COMPACTING AND CEMENTI
HEAT & PRESSURE
HEAT & PRESSURE
MELTING
S6E5 E & F: Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
1.Describe how lithospheric plates move at a
transform boundary. The lithospheric plates slide
past one another and create severe earthquakes.
-----------------------------------------------------------------2. What geologic event occurs at a transform
boundary? SEVERE EARTHQUAKES
--------------------------------------------------------------------3.
Sea-floor spreading is an example of a
DIVERGENT boundary.
Plates pull apart and
MAGMA moves to the surface forming a chain of
underwater mountain range called
MID-OCEAN RIDGE.
-----------------------------------------------------------------4.The place where two tectonic plates collide and
one slides underneath the other is called a
SUBDUCTION
zone.
This happens at a
CONVERGENT boundary. An oceanic TRENCH, or
deep narrow cut in the ocean floor is created.
----------------------------------------------------------------5. Alfred Wegener developed a hypothesis that
stated THAT ALL THE CONTINENTS WERE ONCE
CONNECTED & BROKE APART.
6. Where do most volcanoes and earthquakes
occur? Near PLATE BOUNDARIES
---------------------------------------------------------------S6E5 G: Fossils
1.What do fossils reveal about Earth’s past?(2)
SURFACE AND CLIMATE CHANGES
-----------------------------------------------------------------2.What does the law of superposition state? thE
TOP LAYER IS THE YOUNGEST WHERE THE
YOUNGEST FOSSILS ARE FOUND. THE BOTTOM
LAYER IS THE OLDEST WHERE THE OLDEST FOSSILS
ARE FOUND.
--------------------------------------------------------------------__________________________________________
_______________________________________.
C, BECAUSE
IT’S ON THE
BOTTOM
3.
A, BECAUSE
IT’S ON THE
TOP
4.
S6E5 H I J Soil and Soil Conservation
1. SOIL composed or made up of weathered rock
and decaying organic material.
--------------------------------------------------------------2. The organic (living) material that decomposes
and mixes with soil is called HUMUS.
---------------------------------------------------------------3. Identify the layers of soil. ON TOP (A): TOPSOIL;
NEXT LAYER (B) IS SUBSOIL; NEXT IS PARTIALLY
WEATHERED BEDROCK (C) ; BOTTOM LAYER IS
BEDROCK (D)
------------------------------------------------4. What horizon of soil would you find…
B Subsoil?
D Bedrock?
A Topsoil
C Partially Weathered Bedrock
D Parent Rock
A Most Humus
5. What method of soil conservation is being
described?
CONTOUR PLOWING (A)Plowing in curves
rather than straight lines
WIND BREAKS
(B) trees planted
around fields to reduce erosion
TERRACING
(C) carving flat steps
into cliffs and hills to reduce
erosion
CROP ROTATION
(D) planting more than
one crop in a field within a year
---------------------------------------------------------------6. How did humans cause the Great Dust Bowl?
LIVE STOCK OVERGRAZING, OVERPLOWING,
NO CROP ROTATION
------------------------------------------------------------
S6E5 D: Weathering and Erosion
Types of Mechanical Weathering
1. Water seeps into cracks of rocks and freezes
and expands, causing the rock to break into
pieces. This is known as
______________________________.
2. Roots of plants grow into cracks ,getting larger,
breaking the rock into smaller pieces. This is
known as
________________________.
Types of Chemical Weathering
3. Iron comes in contact with oxygen, causing rust
to form. This process is called
______________________.
Chemical or Mechanical Weathering: Place a “C” for
Chemical weathering, or a “M” for
Mechanical weathering by each statement.
 4. _________Wind
 5. _________Oxidation (Rust)
 6. _________Acid Precipitation
 7. _________Ice Wedging
 8. _________Hydrolysis (Water Reaction)
 9. _________Temperature Change
 10._________Root Action
11. What are the five agents of erosion.
____________________ ______________________
____________________ _________________
________________
12. What agent of erosion is being described?
_____________ created the Great Lakes
_____________ causes avalanches and rock
slides
_____________ created the Grand Canyon
_____________ Creates sand dunes
13. Explain creep.
14. The steeper the slope, the faster the
________________ moves down it, and the more
________________ occurs.