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Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Renaissance and Reformation Section 1 MAIN IDEAS 1. Increased trade with Asia brought wealth to Italian cities, leading to the Renaissance. 2. Italian writers and artists contributed great works during the Renaissance. Key Terms and People Marco Polo European explorer who traveled through Asia in the 1200s Renaissance period following the Middle Ages, characterized by renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture and an emphasis on secular rather than religious matters humanism emphasis on human value and achievement Dante Alighieri Italian poet who wrote The Divine Comedy Niccolo Machiavelli political philosopher who wrote The Prince Michelangelo master artist who painted the ceiling of the Vatican’s Sistine Chapel Leonardo da Vinci master inventor, engineer, and artist who painted the Mona Lisa Academic Vocabulary classical referring to the cultures of ancient Greece or Rome Section Summary TRADE WITH ASIA Despite the Black Death’s terrible death toll, the disease did not harm farmland, buildings, ships, machines, or gold. Survivors used these things to raise more food or make new products. Europe’s economy began to grow. Some new products from the east appeared in markets. Traders brought these new goods across the Silk Road, a caravan route from Europe to China that had fallen into disuse. In the 1200s, the Mongols re-opened the Silk Road. A traveler named Marco Polo spent 20 years in Asia. He wrote a book that rekindled an interest in the Far East. The book inspired traders to seek Asian goods. By the 1300s Florence, Genoa, Milan, and Venice had become major trading centers in Italy. List one good result that came from the otherwise terrible Black Death. _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Who wrote a book that rekindled Europeans' interest in the Far East? _______________________ _______________________ Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 202 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued These cities also were manufacturing centers. They made many specialized products. Venice and Genoa were port cities. Huge ships brought goods from Asia into their harbors. Florence developed a banking system used all over Europe. The richest bankers were the Medici family. In Italian cities, rich families controlled the government. By 1434 Cosimo de Medici (KOH-zeemoh day MED-I-chee) ruled Florence. He wanted to make Florence a center of art, literature, and culture. This love of art and education was key to the Renaissance, which means “rebirth.” The Renaissance followed the Middle Ages. ITALIAN WRITERS AND ARTISTS In the Middle Ages, most thinkers in Europe devoted themselves to religious study. In the Renaissance, people began to study poetry, history, and art. These subjects are part of the humanities. This emphasis on human achievement was called humanism. This led to a renewed interest in the classical writings of the Greeks and Romans. Dante Alighieri (DAHN-tay ahl-eeg-YEH-ree) was an early Italian Renaissance writer. He wrote in Italian, the language of the common people, rather than in Latin. A later writer, Niccolo Machiavelli (neek-koh-LOH mahk-yah-VEL-lee), advised leaders on how they should rule in his book, The Prince. A Renaissance person is one who does everything well. Two men best embodied this ideal. Michelangelo (mee-kay-LAHN-jay-loh) had many talents. He designed buildings, wrote poetry, made sculptures, and was a master painter. Leonardo da Vinci was another master in the arts. But he also was an architect, inventor, engineer, and mapmaker. Who usually controlled the Italian cities during this time period? _______________________ _______________________ How was education in the Renaissance different from education during the Middle Ages? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Underline the names of two people who are each considered a Renaissance person. CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Drawing Inferences Why do you think beauty and education were so important to the Medici family of Florence? Write a short paper explaining your answer. Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 203 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued DIRECTIONS On the line provided before each statement, write T if a statement is true and F if a statement is false. If the statement is false, write the correct term on the line after each sentence that makes the sentence a true statement. _____ 1. Michelangelo, whose work included the famous portrait Mona Lisa, was an expert painter. ___________________________________________________________ _____ 2. A trader from Venice, Marco Polo spent 20 years in Asia before returning to Venice and recording his journey. ___________________________________________________________ _____ 3. The word Renaissance means “rebirth” and refers to the period that followed Europe’s Middle Ages. ___________________________________________________________ _____ 4. The painting that covers the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. ___________________________________________________________ _____ 5. An Italian writer who contributed great works of literature to the Renaissance and wrote in Italian instead of Latin was Dante Alighieri. ___________________________________________________________ _____ 6. Renaissance is way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions. ___________________________________________________________ _____ 7. The Prince, written by an Italian writer and politician Niccolo Machiavelli, gave leaders advice on how they should rule. ___________________________________________________________ Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 204 Guided Reading Workbook